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The site was identified as internationally important for bird conservation in 2004 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
Pink-headed Fruit-dove Ptilinopus porphyreus	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Javan Hawk-eagle Nisaetus bartelsi	EN	resident	1998	3–4 pairs	A1, A2
Sunda Minivet Pericrocotus miniatus	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Rufous-tailed Fantail Rhipidura phoenicura	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Phylloscopus grammiceps	NR	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Javan Tesia Tesia superciliaris	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Javan Grey-throated White-eye Heleia javanica	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
White-bibbed Babbler Stachyris thoracica	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Crescent-chested Babbler Cyanoderma melanothorax	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Javan Fulvetta Alcippe pyrrhoptera	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
White-flanked Sunbird Aethopyga eximia	LC	resident	1987–1998	present	A2, A3
Chrysocorythus estherae	NR	resident	1987–1998	present	A2

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2004) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2004. The most recent assessment (2012) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' habitats)
Habitat	Quantity (% remaining)	Quality (% carrying capacity)	Result
Forest	moderate (70-90%)	moderate (70-90%)	poor

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Geological events	likely in short term (<4 years)	some of population/area (10-49%)	rapid decline (>30% over 3 gener­ations)	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	now	few individuals/small area (<10%)	moderate decline (10-30% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Energy production and mining	now	few individuals/small area (<10%)	moderate decline (10-30% over 3 gener­ations)	low
Agricultural expansion and intensification	now	few individuals/small area (<10%)	slow decline (1-10% over 3 gener­ations)	low

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Designation	Planning	Action	Result
Whole area (>90%) covered by appropriate conservation designation	A comprehensive and appropriate management plan exists that aims to maintain or improve the populations of qualifying bird species	The conservation measures needed for the site are being comprehensively and effectively implemented	high

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
-	Gunung Merapi	Taman Nasional	27
1916	Gunung Marapi	Taman Wisata Alam	64
1975	Tuk Songo	Nature Recreation Park	<1
1989	Plawangan Turgo	Nature Recreation Park	1
2005	Gunung Merbabu	Taman Nasional	20

Habitat	% of IBA	Habitat detail
Forest	-
Other	-

Land use	% of IBA
tourism/recreation	-
nature conservation and research	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Gunung Merapi (Indonesia). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gunung-merapi-iba-indonesia on 03/12/2024.