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The site was identified as important in 2011 because it was regularly supporting significant populations of the species listed below, meeting ('triggering') IBA criteria.

Populations meeting IBA criteria ('trigger species') at the site:

Species	Red List1	Season	Year(s)	Size	IBA criteria
White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala	EN	resident	2010	4-12 breeding pairs	A1, B1i, C1, C2
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	NT	resident	2007	91-1,269 individuals	A1, B2, C1, C2
Great Bustard Otis tarda	EN	resident	2010	28-285 individuals	A1, B2, C1, C2
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	LC	breeding	2009	min 100 breeding pairs	C2, C6

1. The current IUCN Red List category. The category at the time of the IBA criteria assessment (2011) may differ.

Ideally the conservation status of the IBA will have been checked regularly since the site was first identified in 2011. The most recent assessment (2007) is shown below.

State (condition of the trigger species' populations)
Species	Reference	Actual	Units	% remaining	Result
Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax	300	500	males	100	favourable
Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni	300	200	breeding pairs	67	unfavourable

Pressure (threats to the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Threat	Timing	Scope	Severity	Result
Agricultural expansion and intensification	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Natural system modifications	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	very rapid to severe deterioration	very high
Residential and commercial development	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Transportation and service corridors	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Biological resource use	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Invasive and other problematic species and genes	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Pollution	happening now	majority/most of area/population (50-90%)	moderate to rapid deterioration	high
Energy production and mining	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Human intrusions and disturbance	happening now	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium
Climate change and severe weather	likely in long term (beyond 4 years)	some of area/population (10-49%)	slow but significant deterioration	medium

Response (conservation actions taken for the trigger species and/or their habitats)
Protected areas	Management plan	Other action	Result
Some of site covered (10-49%)	No management planning has taken place	Substantive conservation measures are being implemented but these are not comprehensive and are limited by resources and capacity	low

Year	Protected Area	Designation	% overlap with IBA
1993	Laguna del Prado	Ramsar Site, Wetland of International Importance	<1
1997	Lagunas volcánicas del Campo de Calatrava	Site of Community Importance (Habitats Directive)	<1
1999	Maar de la Hoya de Cervera	Monumento Natural	<1
2000	Maar de la Hoya del Mortero	Monumento Natural	<1
2003	Laguna de Caracuel	Microrreserva	<1
2004	Laguna del Prado	Reserva Natural	<1
2005	Campo de Calatrava	Special Protection Area (Birds Directive)	9
2008	Macizo Volcánico de Calatrava	Monumento Natural	4

Habitat1	Habitat detail	% of IBA
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable land, Perennial crops, orchards and groves, Other urban and industrial areas, Ruderal land	60
Shrubland		40

1. IUCN Habitat classification.

Land use	% of IBA
agriculture	26
hunting	-

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Important Bird Area factsheet: Campo de Calatrava (Spain). Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/campo-de-calatrava-iba-spain on 23/11/2024.