Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) | Details

Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2013	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	30 g

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	21,600,000 km²	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	23,300,000 km²	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	65000000-90000000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2018
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	-
Generation length	3.14 years	-	-	-

Population justification: In Europe, the total population size is estimated at 39,000,000-54,000,000 mature individuals, with 19,500,000-27,000,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife International 2021), and comprises approximately 60% of the species' global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is between 65,000,000-90,000,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is desirable. The species' population in Europe is considered to have undergone a small decline over three generations (10 years), especially in the west (BirdLife International 2021). As this region holds the majority of the species' global range, the global population size is considered to be decreasing slowly over three generations.

Trend justification: .

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native			yes
Albania	extant	native		yes
Algeria	extant	vagrant			yes
Andorra	extant	native	yes
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Australia	extant	introduced		yes
Austria	extant	native	yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes
Belarus	extant	native	yes
Belgium	extant	native	yes
Bosnia and Herzegovina	extant	native	yes
Bulgaria	extant	native	yes
China (mainland)	extant	vagrant			yes
Croatia	extant	native	yes
Cyprus	extant	native	yes
Czechia	extant	native	yes
Denmark	extant	native	yes			yes
Egypt	extant	vagrant			yes
Estonia	extant	native	yes
Faroe Islands (to Denmark)	extant	vagrant			yes
Finland	extant	native	yes			yes
France	extant	native	yes
Georgia	extant	native		yes
Germany	extant	native	yes			yes
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	vagrant			yes
Greece	extant	native	yes			yes
Hungary	extant	native	yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native			yes
Iraq	extant	native			yes
Ireland	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	native	yes
Italy	extant	native	yes			yes
Japan	extant	vagrant			yes
Jordan	extant	native			yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kuwait	extant	vagrant			yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native			yes
Latvia	extant	native	yes
Lebanon	extant	vagrant			yes
Liechtenstein	extant	native	yes
Lithuania	extant	native	yes
Luxembourg	extant	native	yes
Malta	extant	vagrant			yes
Moldova	extant	native	yes
Mongolia	extant	native	yes
Montenegro	extant	native		yes
Morocco	extant	vagrant			yes
Nepal	extant	vagrant			yes
Netherlands	extant	native	yes
New Zealand	extant	introduced		yes
North Macedonia	extant	native	yes
Norway	extant	native		yes
Poland	extant	native		yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Romania	extant	native	yes
Russia	extant	native	yes	yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native	yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes
Serbia	extant	native		yes
Slovakia	extant	native	yes
Slovenia	extant	native	yes
South Korea	extant	vagrant			yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway)	extant	vagrant			yes
Sweden	extant	native	yes
Switzerland	extant	native	yes
Syria	extant	native			yes
Tajikistan	extant	vagrant			yes
Türkiye	extant	native	yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native				yes
Ukraine	extant	native	yes			yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	vagrant			yes
United Kingdom	extant	native	yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native	yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Pastureland	suitable	resident
Forest	Temperate	suitable	resident
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Utilisation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellowhammer-emberiza-citrinella on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.