• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(i)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A3cd; C1+2a(i)
2016	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii)
2013	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012	Vulnerable	B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008	Vulnerable	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	continent shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	135,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	20,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	inferred	2021
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2000-2025
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	8.5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	5	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The overall population size is unclear and difficult to assess. The subpopulation on Margarita Island was estimated at 1,600 individuals in 2019 (J. M. Briceño-Linares per Provita in litt. 2020), which equates to roughly 1,000 mature individuals. The subpopulation on Bonaire numbered around 700 individuals in 2017 (DCNA 2018), equating to 450 mature individuals. The most recent estimate from La Blanquilla is from 1996-1998, when the island held around 100 individuals (Sanz and Rodríguez-Ferraro 2006), equating to roughly 60 mature individuals. The subpopulation in north-western Venezuela was estimated at over 5,000 individuals in 2012 (V. Sanz in litt. 2016), equating to roughly 3,300 mature individuals. In view of the ongoing threats, it is suspected that this subpopulation has declined since then (Ferrer-Paris et al. 2014). There are no estimates for the subpopulation in north-eastern Venezuela, but based on observational records (eBird 2021), it is may be smaller than the north-western subpopulation (Ferrer-Paris et al. 2014). Based on the available values for the subpopulation sizes, assuming that the subpopulation in north-western Venezuela is now below 3,300 mature individuals, and accounting for a subpopulation of unknown size in north-eastern Venezuela, it is preliminarily inferred that the total population numbers between 2,500 and 9,999 mature individuals. 
The species is assumed to form five subpopulations; on Bonaire, La Blanquilla, Margarita, in north-western Venezuela and north-eastern Venezuela. It is thought that the largest subpopulation is found in north-western Venezuela (C. Sharpe in litt. 2021), which numbered up to 3,300 mature individuals in 2012 but has likely declined since then. It is here tentatively placed in the band 1,000-3,300 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The largest subpopulation on Margarita Island has increased from 750 individuals in 1989 (Sanz and Grajal 1998) to 1,600 individuals in 2019 (J. M. Briceño-Linares per Provita in litt. 2020) and is currently considered to be stable (V. Sanz in litt. 2016). On Bonaire, the size of the subpopulation increased moderately from c. 350 individuals in 1980 to around 700 individuals in 2017 (DCNA 2018). There is no information on the trend of the subpopulation on La Blanquilla. The stable or increasing trends on the islands are due to conservation efforts; if these were to stop the populations may start declining (R. Martin in litt. 2021).
On the mainland, the species was in decline in 2003 (Hilty 2003), but there are no recent trend estimates available. The detection probability was found to be stable in 70% of the mainland range, declining in 18% and increasing in 12% (E. Blanco in litt. 2020). Nevertheless, both subpopulations on the mainland are facing a number of threats, including habitat loss and high pressure from hunting for the bird trade (R. Martin in litt. 2020; Provita in litt. 2020; L. Schmaltz in litt. 2020). It is inferred that as a consequence of these threats, the population on the mainland is undergoing a decline. Despite the stable or increasing trends of the subpopulations on the islands, it is precautionarily assumed that due to the declines on the mainland, the overall population is undergoing a continuing decline. The rate has not been quantified, but is suspected to exceed 10% over three generations (R. Martin and T. James in litt. 2021).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Aruba (to Netherlands)	extinct	native	yes
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	extant	native	yes
Curaçao (to Netherlands)	possibly extant	native
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Dos Pos, Bonaire
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Lac Bay, Bonaire
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Washikemba - Fontein - Onima, Bonaire
Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands)	Washington-Slagbaai National Park, Bonaire
Venezuela	Humedales Boca de Hueque y Sauca
Venezuela	Humedales Boca del Río Unare
Venezuela	Isla La Blanquilla
Venezuela	Morrocoy National Park
Venezuela	Parque Nacional El Ávila and surrounding areas
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Laguna de La Restinga
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Médanos de Coro
Venezuela	Parque Nacional Mochima
Venezuela	Pedernales-Capure
Venezuela	Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Cuare
Venezuela	Reserva de Fauna Silvestre Tucurere

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 450 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Marine & freshwater aquaculture - Industrial aquaculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Persecution/control	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Capra hircus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Equus asinus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Unspecified species	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Causing/Could cause fluctuations		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Residential & commercial development	Commercial & industrial areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	national, international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellow-shouldered Amazon Amazona barbadensis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-shouldered-amazon-amazona-barbadensis on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.