• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Ramphastos vitellinus, R. culminatus, R. citrolaemus and R. ariel (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as R. vitellinus following SACC (2006) and a review by the BirdLife Taxonomic Working Group, and before then were split as R. vitellinus, R. culminatus and R. citreolaemus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Least Concern
2016	Vulnerable	A4cd
2014	Vulnerable	A4cd
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	7,320,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2034
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Generation length	5.95 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The population has not been quantified but the species is described as 'fairly common' (Stotz et al. 1996, del Hoyo et al. 2020).

Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly. Due to the impacts of hunting and the species's preference for undisturbed forests, the population is suspected to be in decline. Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate of up to 9% over three generations (17.9 years; Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). While the species is described as being less common in logged forests, it also occurs near forest edges, in clearings and in small forest patches in savanna (del Hoyo et al. 2020); therefore, habitat loss is unlikely to drive a significant population decline. The impact of hunting on the population size has not been quantified; however overall, the impacts are likely not large due to the remoteness and inaccessibility of large parts of the range. Tentatively, population declines are here placed in the band 10-19% over three generations, but an accurate quantification of the population trend is required.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Bolivia	extant	native	yes
Brazil	extant	native	yes
Colombia	extant	native	yes
Ecuador	extant	native	yes
Peru	extant	native	yes
Venezuela	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	suitable	resident
Savanna	Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1700 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Handicrafts, jewellery, etc.	subsistence, national
Medicine - human & veterinary	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellow-ridged Toucan Ramphastos culminatus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-ridged-toucan-ramphastos-culminatus on 19/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 19/12/2024.