Data Zone
Argilla, L.S., Howe, L., Gartrell, B.D. and Alley, M.R. 2013. High prevalence of Leucocytozoon spp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand. Parasitology 140(5): 672-682.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261.
Boessenkool, S., B. Star, P. J. Seddon, and J. M. Waters. 2010. Temporal genetic samples indicate small effective population size of the endangered yellow-eyed penguin. Conservation Genetics 11: 539-546.
Boessenkool, S., Star, B., Waters, J.M. and Seddon, P.J. 2009. Multilocus assignment analyses reveal multiple units and rare migration events in the recently expanded yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Molecular Ecology 18(11): 2390-2400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04203.x.
Browne, T., C. Lalas, T. Mattern, and Y. van Heezik. 2011. Chick starvation in yellow-eyed penguins: Evidence for poor diet quality and selective provisioning of chicks from conventional diet analysis and stable isotopes. Austral Ecology (doi: 10.1111/j.1442–9993.2010.02125.x).
Clark, R.D., Mathieu, R., Seddon, P.J. 2015. Selection for protection from insolation results in visual isolation of Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes nests. Bird Conservation International 25: 192-206 DOI: 10.1017/S0959270914000082.
Crawford, R. J. M., Ellenberg, U., Frere, E., Hagen, C., Baird, K., Brewin, P. Crofts, S., Glass, J., Mattern, T. & Pompert, J. 2017. Tangled and drowned: A global review of penguin bycatch in fisheries. Endangered Species Research 34: 373–396.
Darby J.T., and Dawson S.M. 2000. Bycatch of yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) in gillnets in New Zealand waters 1979 - 1997. Biological Conservation 93: 327 - 332.
Ellenberg, U., and T. Mattern. 2012. Yellow-eyed penguin: review of population information. 144 p. Final Report for Conservation Services Programme project POP2011-08. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand http://www.doc.govt.nz/our-work/conservation-services-programme/csp-reports/2011-12/yellow-eyed-penguins-a-review-of-population-information/.
Ellenberg, U., Mattern, T., and Seddon, P.J. 2009. Habituation potential of yellow-eyed penguins depends on sex, character and previous experience with humans. Animal Behaviour 77: 289-296.
Ellenberg, U., Setiawan, A. N., Cree, A., Houston, D. M., & Seddon, P. J. 2007. Elevated hormonal stress response and reduced reproductive output in Yellow-eyed penguins exposed to unregulated tourism. General and comparative endocrinology. 152 1: 54-63.
Ellenberg, U., T. Mattern, and P. J. Seddon. 2013. Heart rate responses provide an objective evaluation of human disturbance stimuli in breeding birds. Conservation Physiology 1:10.1093/conphys/cot1013.
French, R.K., Muller, C.G., Chilvers, B.L., and Battley, P.F. 2019. Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyes Penguins Megadyptes antipodes. Bird Conservation International 29: 277-290.
Gartrell, B., Agnew, D., Alley, M., Carpenter, T., Hye Jeong Ha, Howe, L., Hunter, S., McInnes, K., Munday, R., Roe, W., and Young, M. 2017. Investigation of a mortality cluster in wild adult yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes ) at Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Avian Pathology 46(3): 278-288.
Gill, J.M., and Darby, J.T. 1993. Deaths in yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) on the Otago Peninsula during the summer of 1990. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 41 : 39-42.
IUCN. 2020. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 10 December 2020).
Lalas, C., Ratz, H., McEwan, K. and McConkey, S.D. 2007. Predation by New Zealand sea lions (Phocarctos hookeri) as a threat to the viability of Yellow-eyed Penguins (Megadyptes antipodes) at Otago Peninsula, New Zealand. Biological Conservation 135: 235-246.
Marchant, S.; Higgins, P. J. 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic birds, 1: ratites to ducks. Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
Massaro M. and Blair D. 2003. Comparison of population numbers of yellow-eyed penguins, Megadyptes antipodes, on Stewart Island and on adjacent cat-free islands. N. Z. J. Ecol. 27: 107-113.
Mattern T, Ellenberg U, Housten DM, Lamare M, Davis LS, van Heezik, Y, Seddon PJ. 2013. Straight line foraging in Yellow-eyed Penguins: New insights into cascading fisheries effects and orientation capabilities of marine predators. PLoS One 8(12): e84381.
Mattern, T., Meyer, S., Ellenberg, U., Houston, D.M., Darby, J.T., Young, M. J., van Heezik, Y. and Seddon, P.J. 2017. Quantifying climate change impacts emphasises the importance of managing regional threats in an endangered species. PeerJ 16(5): e3272. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3272.
Mattern, T., U. Ellenberg, D. M. Houston, and L. S. Davis. 2007. Consistent foraging routes and benthic foraging behaviour in yellow-eyed penguins. Marine Ecology Progress Series 343: 295–306.
McClung, M. R.; Seddon, P. J.; Massaro, M.; Setiawan, A. N. 2004. Nature-based tourism impacts on yellow-eyed penguins Megadyptes antipodes: does unregulated visitor access affect fledging weight and juvenile survival? Biological Conservation 119: 279-285.
McKay, R., Lalas, C., McKay, D., and McConkey, S. 1999. Nest-site selection by yellow-eyed penguins Megadyptes antipodes on grazed farmland. Marine Ornithology 27: 29-35.
McKinlay B. 2001. Hoiho (Megadyptes antipodes) recovery plan, 2000–2005. Threatened species recovery plan 35. Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Ministry for Primary Industries. 2019. Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Annual Review 2018. Compiled by the Fisheries Science Team. Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington New Zealand.
Moore, P. J. 1992. Breeding biology of the Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes on Campbell Island. Emu 92: 157-162.
Moore, P. J. 1999. Foraging range of the Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes. . Marine Ornithology 27: 49-58.
Moore, P. J. 2001. Historical records of Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in southern New Zealand. Notornis 48: 145-156.
Moore, P. J., and M. D. Wakelin. 1997. Diet of the yellow-eyed penguin Megadyptes antipodes, South Island, New Zealand, 1991–1993. Marine Ornithology 25: 17–29.
Muller, C., Chlivers, B. L., French, R. K., Hiscock, J. A. and Battley, P. F. 2020. Population estimate for yellow-eyed penguins (Megadyptes antipdodes) in the subantarctic Auckland Islands, New Zealand. Notornis 67(1).
New Zealand Department of Conservation/Te Papa Atawhai. 2020. Yellow-eyed Penguin/hoiho. Available at: https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/birds-a-z/penguins/yellow-eyed-penguin-hoiho/.
Ratz, H. and Murphy, B. 1999. Effects of habitat and introduced mammalian predators on the breeding success of Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes, South Island, New Zealand. Pacific Conservation Biology 5 : 16-27.
Seddon, P. J.; Davis, L. S. 1989. Nest-site selection by Yellow-eyed Penguins. Condor 91: 653-659.
Seddon, P.J., Ellenberg, U., van Heezik, Y. 2013. Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). In: Pablo Garcia Borboroglu and P. Dee Boersma (Eds) Penguins: Natural History and Conservation. University pf Washington Press, Seattle & London. Chapter 2 : 91-112.
Stein, A., Beer, K. & Seddon, P. 2010. Sandfly Bay Revisited: A report on visitor attitudes, awareness and activities at the Sandfly Bay Wildlife Refuge, Otago Peninsula. Wildlife Management Report, University of Otago 237: 1-31.
Taylor, G. A. 2000. Action plan for seabird conservation in New Zealand. Department of Conservation, Wellington.
Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, Department of Conservation, Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust, and Fisheries New Zealand. 2020. Te Mahere Rima Tau - Five year action plan for hoiho. Available at: https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/conservation/native-animals/birds/sea-and-shore/te-mahere-rima-tau-2020.pdf.
Tisdell, C. 2007. Valuing the Otago peninsula: the economic benefits of conservation. Working papers on economics, ecology and the environment, vol. 145. University of Queensland, Brisbane.
van Heezik, Y. 1990. Seasonal, geographical and age-related variations in the diet of the Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 17: 201-212.
Wood, C. 2018. Can we save Hoiho? Forest & Bird 370: 24-25.
IUCN SSC Penguin Specialist Group
New Zealand Govt - Dept of Conservation - Recovery Plan
Search for photos and videos, and hear sounds of this species from the Macaulay Library
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-eyed-penguin-megadyptes-antipodes on 25/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/11/2024.