Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| A2acd+3cd+4acd | A2acd+3cd+4acd | A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2017 | Critically Endangered | A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| 2016 | Endangered | A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| 2013 | Endangered | A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| 2012 | Vulnerable | A2acd+3cd+4acd |
| 2008 | Vulnerable | A2a,c,d; A3c,d; A4a,c,d |
| 2004 | Near Threatened | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent |
Average mass | 20 g |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 21,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 7,390,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | medium | estimated | - |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | estimated | 1998-2008 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-99% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-99% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 80-99% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 3.6 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: In Europe, the breeding population was estimated to number 20,000-100,000 breeding pairs, equating to 60,000-300,000 individuals (BirdLife International 2004). Europe, at least formerly, formed 25-49% of the global range. The European population is now estimated to number just 120-600 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: There is widespread evidence from surveys and anecdotal observations of very rapid declines and extensive range contractions. The European population is estimated to be decreasing by 80% or more in 10.8 years (three generations) and by 25% or more in 3.6 years (one generation) (BirdLife International 2015). Across the range of the species it is estimated to have declined by 84.3-94.7% between 1980 and 2013 (Kamp et al. 2015). Assuming a constant rate of decline over this period, this would represent a 45.4-61.8% decline over 3 generations (10.8 years). However, declines are thought to have been very slow initially, and to have increased latterly (see Kamp et al. 2015).
Reanalysing the data using in Kamp et al. (2015) over the 11 year period 2002-2013 (2013 being the last year with data), looking at the model-predicted values and expressing 2013 as a proportion of 2002 results in a decline of 70-89% for the 11 years, depending on the area used to extract densities to numbers (J. Kamp in litt. 2017). It would be preferable to fit the a linear model to predict abundance as a function of year, but there are not enough available data from 2002-2013 to do this reliably (many sites have only 1-3 years of data out of the 11, and at many others the species was already extinct or almost so). From the sites that do have data for the 11-year period, the decline was 99-100% at three sites and slightly less severe at others, e.g. c.84% decline between 1999-2013 at one site and c.50% decline at another (J. Kamp in litt. 2017). On this basis, it is now thought likely that the range-wide decline exceeded 80% in the period 2002-2013, but it is not possible to be certain due to a lack of data. If declines east of Lake Baikal were closer to 50% during this time, the overall rate of decline may not have exceeded 80%. If declines averaged 80% east of Lake Baikal, then the overall range-wide decline likely exceeded 90% in this period (J. Kamp in litt. 2017). On this basis, the rate of decline over three generations could lie within the range 50-79% or 80-99%, and on a precautionary basis the higher band is used here.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Bangladesh | extant | native | yes | |||
| Belarus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Brunei | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cambodia | extant | native | yes | |||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Cyprus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Egypt | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Estonia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Finland | possibly extinct | native | yes | |||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Greece | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Hong Kong (China) | extant | native | yes | |||
| India | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Israel | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Jordan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Kazakhstan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Laos | extant | native | yes | |||
| Latvia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Malaysia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mongolia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Myanmar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Nepal | extant | native | yes | |||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| North Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Oman | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Pakistan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Philippines | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Portugal | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Singapore | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Syria | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Taiwan, China | extant | native | yes | |||
| Thailand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Türkiye | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| USA | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Vietnam | extant | native | yes |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | major | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Shrubland | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
| Shrubland | Boreal | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Very Rapid Declines | High Impact: 9 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-breasted-bunting-emberiza-aureola on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.