Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Near Threatened | A2d+3d+4d; C1 |
| 2016 | Near Threatened | A2d+3d+4d |
| 2012 | Near Threatened | A2d+3d+4d |
| 2010 | Near Threatened | A2d, A3d, A4d |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 12,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 40,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 11000-21000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2009 |
| Population trend | decreasing | poor | suspected | 1981-2010 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-19% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 9.79 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population has been estimated at 16,000-32,000 individuals.
Trend justification: Population trends have not been quantified. However, the total of c.1,000 individuals harvested in the Bering Sea region in 2007 indicates that subsistence harvest may be causing a population decline (M. Kirchhoff in litt. 2010). Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that the breeding range of the species has declined in the west and east of Russia (K. Laing in litt. 2008). As such, a decline of 1-19% over the past 29 years (three generations) is precautionarily suspected, although surveys are required to confirm that such declines are currently occurring.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belarus | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belgium | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bulgaria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| China (mainland) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Croatia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Denmark | extant | native | yes | |||
| Estonia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Faroe Islands (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Finland | extant | native | yes | |||
| France | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Greenland (to Denmark) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Japan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mexico | extant | native | ||||
| Myanmar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Netherlands | extant | vagrant | ||||
| North Korea | extant | native | ||||
| Norway | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Poland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Russia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Russia (Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (Central Asian) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Russia (European) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Slovakia | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Slovenia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Korea | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands (to Norway) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sweden | extant | native | yes | |||
| Switzerland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| USA | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Norway | Froan |
| Norway | Lofoten |
| Norway | Slettnes |
| Norway | Varangerfjord (including Hornøya and Reinøya) |
| Russia (Asian) | Brekhovskiye islands |
| Russia (Asian) | Cape Billings |
| Russia (Asian) | Chaun delta |
| Russia (Asian) | Gusikha river basin and lower Balakhnya river |
| Russia (Asian) | Kolyma delta |
| Russia (Asian) | Lopatka Peninsula and First Kuril Strait |
| Russia (Asian) | Moroshechnaya River |
| Russia (Asian) | Pyasina delta |
| Russia (Asian) | Vankarem lowlands and Kolyuchin bay |
| Russia (Asian) | West Chaun plain |
| USA | Teshekpuk Lake-E. Dease Inlet |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marine Neritic | Estuaries | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | major | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Future | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Domestic & urban waste water - Type Unknown/Unrecorded | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Oil spills | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/yellow-billed-loon-gavia-adamsii on 15/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 15/12/2024.