Data Zone
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Bendell, L.I. 2011. Sea ducks and aquaculture: the cadmium connection. Ecotoxicology 20(2): 474-478.
Brown, P.W., Fredrickson, L.H. 1997. White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca). In: Rodewald, P.G. (ed.), The Birds of North America, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, New York.
Butcher, G. S.; Niven, D. K. 2007. Combining data from the Christmas bird count and the breeding bird survey to determine the continental status and trends of North American birds.
Canadian Wildlife Service Waterfowl Committee. 2015. Population Status of Migratory Game Birds in Canada. CWS Migratory Birds Regulatory Report .
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G.M. 2017. White-winged Scoter (Melanitta deglandi). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (ed.), Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Sargatal, J. 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Delany, S.; Scott, D. 2006. Waterbird population estimates. Wetlands International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Drever, M.C., Clarck, R.G., Derksen, C., Slattery, S.M., Toose, P., Nudds, T.D. 2011. Population vulnerability to climate change linked to timing of breeding in boreal ducks. Global Change biology 18(2): 480-492.
Flint, V.E.; Boehme, R.L.; Kostin, Y.V.; Kuznetsov, A.A. 1984. A field guide to birds of the USSR. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Fox, A. D., Jónsson, J. E., Aarvak, T., Bregnballe, T., Christensen, T. K., Clausen, K. K., Clausen, P., Dalby, L., Holm, T.E., Pavon-Jordan, D., Laursen, K., Lehikoinen, A., Lorentsen, S., Moller, A.P., Nordstrom, M., Ost, M., Soderquist, P., Therkildsen, O.R. 2015. Current and Potential Threats to Nordic Duck Populations — A Horizon Scanning Exercise. Annales Zoologici Fennici 52(4): 193-220.
Garthe, S.; Hüppop, O. 2004. Scaling possible adverse effects of marine wind farms on seabirds: developing and applying a vulnerability index. Journal of Applied Ecology 41(4): 724-734.
Good, T.P., June, J.A., Etnier, M.A., Broadhurst, G. 2009. Ghosts of the Salish Sea: threats to marine birds in Puget Sound and the Northwest Straits from derelict fishing gear. Marine Ornithology 37(1): 67-76.
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Kear, J. 2005. Ducks, geese and swans volume 2: species accounts (Cairina to Mergus). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.
Koneff, M. D., Zimmerman, G. S., Dwyer, C. P., Fleming, K. K., Padding, P. I., Devers, P. K., Johnson, F.A., Runge, M.C., Roberts, A. J. 2017. Evaluation of harvest and information needs for North American sea ducks. PloS one 12(4): e0175411.
Lance, B. K., Irons, D. B., Kendall, S. J., & McDonald, L. L. 2001. An Evaluation of Marine Bird Population Trends Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, Prince William Sound, Alaska. Marine Pollution Bulletin 42(4): 298-309.
Madge, S.; Burn, H. 1988. Wildfowl. Christopher Helm, London.
Melville, D.S.; Shortridge, K.F. 2006. Migratory waterbirds and avian influenza in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway with particular reference to the 2003-2004 H5N1 outbreak. In: Boere, G.; Galbraith, C.; Stroud, D (ed.), Waterbirds around the World, pp. 432-438. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh, U.K.
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Riordan, B., Verbyla, D., & McGuire, A. D. 2006. Shrinking ponds in subarctic Alaska based on 1950–2002 remotely sensed images. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 111.
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Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. 1998. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1: Non-Passerines. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Steinacher M. , Joos, F., Frolicher, T.L., Plattner, G.K., Doney, S.C. 2009. Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model. Biogeosciences 6(515-533).
IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-winged Scoter Melanitta deglandi. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-winged-scoter-melanitta-deglandi on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.