• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Symposiachrus everetti (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha everetti.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(ii)	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(ii); D2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Endangered	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)+2ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(ii)
2016	Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(ii)
2012	Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,iv,v);C2a(ii)
2008	Endangered	B1a+b(ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(ii)
2004	Endangered
2000	Endangered
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	280 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	164 km2
Number of locations	3-10	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1750-5250 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2023
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-15%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.57 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Within this species' range remains c.70 km² of forest (Global Forest Watch 2024), most of which is assumed to be occupied given its status as a fairly common bird (Eaton et al. 2021). Its density is unknown but encounter rates on eBird (2024) are 1.00-5.33 birds per km walked; n=5 checklists, mean 2.11, median 1.25). If the species had discrete detectability of 20 m either side of an observer, and the mean encounter rate is used, this would suggest a density of c.50 mature individuals/km², a figure that is not entirely disparate from densities of other monarch species when occupancy is also taken into account (e.g. Marsden et al. 1997, Poulsen 1998). A broader range of 25-75 mature individuals/km² is used to account for considerable uncertainty in the data used, and hence a population size of 1,750-5,250 mature individuals is estimated. Targeted data are urgently needed to confirm or refute this figure.

Trend justification: Declining in response to habitat loss and degradation. Forest cover in this species' range reduced by c.10% over the past ten years (Global Forest Watch 2024) and this is thought to have had an almost parallel impact on this species' population size because while it is tolerant of some scrubby/degraded forest habitats (Eaton et al. 2021), much of the forest cover loss between 2012 and 2022 amounted to total forest clearance and conversion to agriculture, which this species is not tolerant of. Between 2016-2018, forest loss accelerated to a rate equivalent to  c.15-20% over ten years, highlighting the fragility of remaining forests to overexploitation. Rates of population decline are therefore set to 5-15% for the past ten years (2012 to 2022), with future rates of decline (between 2023 and 2033) set at 5-29%, to reflect immense uncertainty over how heavily exploited remaining forests will be. In the absence of any protected area on the island, it cannot be assured that large swathes of forest will not be removed.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Pulau Tana Jampea

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	marginal	resident
Altitude	0 - 500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-tipped Monarch Symposiachrus everetti. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-tipped-monarch-symposiachrus-everetti on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.