• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Previously (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) placed in the genus Alopecoenas (as A. xanthonurus) and before that in the genus Gallicolumba but transferred to Pampusana on the grounds of the latter’s priority (Bruce et al. 2016).

Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2022. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	D2
2016	Near Threatened	A3e; C1
2013	Near Threatened	A3e;C1
2012	Near Threatened	A3e;C1
2008	Near Threatened	A3e; C1
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	355,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,200 km2
Number of locations	15-20	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	10000-19999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2023
Population trend	unknown	poor	-	-
Generation length	4.67 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1-10,3	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: It appears to be common on Saipan where the population was estimated at 11,800 (7,468-16,862) birds in 2007 (Camp et al. 2009). The most recent estimate on Tinian was 4,479 (3,077-6,193) birds in 2013 (Spaulding et al. 2022) and on Aguigan the population was estimated to number 548 (291-892) birds in 2008 (Amidon et al. 2014). The population on Rota was estimated at 3,576 (2,602-4,758) individuals in 2012 (Camp et al. 2016). The populations on each of the smaller, more northerly Mariana islands have not been quantified but the species is described as uncommon here (Gibbs et al. 2001) and on Guguan it was noted as the 'least abundant terrestrial species' (J. Bradley, on eBird [2023]), with fewer than 25 birds detected in extensive surveys. The population on Yap was estimated at c.200 birds in 1984 (Engbring et al. 1990) although, based on descriptive investigations of eBird (2023) data, this may have been overly pessimistic. Accumulating these data and accounting for the fact that only a proportion likely refer to mature individuals, the population is estimated to fall within the range 10,000-19,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Compared to 1982 estimates, surveys suggest the species has declined on Rota but increased on Aguiguan, Saipan, and Tinian (Camp et al. 2009, Amidon et al. 2014, Camp et al. 2016, Spaulding et al. 2022), though the reasons for this are unclear. However, these islands require up-to-date population estimates and there is a lack of information from other islands within the species' range. The population trend is therefore considered to be unknown.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Guam (to USA)	extinct	native	yes
Micronesia, Federated States of	extant	native	yes
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Micronesia, Federated States of	Yap Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Aguiguan Island and Naftan Rock
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Alamagan Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Asuncion Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Guguan Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Northern Saipan
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Rota
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Sarigan Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Tinian Island
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	Topachau-Susupe-Kagman

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species disturbance, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Boiga irregularis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-throated Ground Dove Pampusana xanthonura. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-throated-ground-dove-pampusana-xanthonura on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.