• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	132 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	6,960,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	11,100,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	unknown	-	-	-
Generation length	4.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to be 20,000-130,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 560-5,100 pairs, which equates to 1,100-10,200 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The overall population trend is uncertain, as some populations are decreasing, while others are increasing (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be increasing (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native	yes	yes
Algeria	extant	vagrant
Armenia	extant	native		yes
Austria	extant	vagrant
Azerbaijan	extant	native	yes	yes
Bahrain	extant	vagrant
Bangladesh	extant	vagrant
Bulgaria	extant	vagrant
Chad	extant	vagrant
Cyprus	extant	vagrant
Denmark	extant	vagrant
Egypt	extant	native			yes
Eritrea	extant	native			yes
Ethiopia	extant	vagrant
Finland	extant	vagrant
France	extant	vagrant
Germany	extant	vagrant
Greece	extant	vagrant
Hungary	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native			yes
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native	yes	yes	yes
Iraq	extant	native	yes
Israel	extant	vagrant
Italy	extant	vagrant
Jordan	extant	native		yes
Kazakhstan	extant	native		yes
Kuwait	extant	native				yes
Libya	extant	vagrant
Malta	extant	vagrant
Morocco	extant	vagrant
Nepal	extant	vagrant
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
Niger	extant	vagrant
Nigeria	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	native				yes
Pakistan	extant	native	yes		yes
Palestine	extant	vagrant
Poland	extant	vagrant
Qatar	extant	native				yes
Romania	extant	vagrant
Russia	extant	vagrant
Russia (European)	extant	vagrant
Saudi Arabia	extant	native	yes
South Sudan	extant	native			yes
Spain	extant	vagrant
Sudan	extant	native			yes
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Syria	extant	native		yes
Tajikistan	extant	native		yes
Tunisia	extant	vagrant
Türkiye	extant	native		yes
Turkmenistan	extant	native		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native	yes			yes
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
Uzbekistan	extant	native		yes
Yemen	extant	vagrant

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Horeh Bamdej
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Shadegan marshes and tidal mudflats of Khor-al Amaya and Khor Musa
Iraq	Baquba wetlands
Iraq	Central Marshes
Iraq	Dalmaj Marsh
Iraq	Razzaza Lake
Iraq	Tharthar Lake and Al-Dhebaeji Fields
Iraq	West Hammar
South Sudan	Lake Abiad (South Sudan)
Sudan	Lake Abiad (Sudan)

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas	suitable	non-breeding
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas	suitable	breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Freshwater Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	non-breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	suitable	non-breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-tailed-lapwing-vanellus-leucurus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.