Data Zone
Allan, D. G. 2015. White-headed Vulture Aegypius occipitalis. In: Taylor, M R.; Peacock, F.; Wanless, R. M. (ed.), The 2015 Eskom Red Data Book of Birds of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, pp. 67-70. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
BirdGuides. 2019. Catastrophic vulture poisoning in Botswana 'one of biggest ever'. Available at: https://www.birdguides.com/news/catastrophic-vulture-poisoning-in-botswana-one-of-biggest-ever/.
BirdLife International. 2008. Drugs firms told to do more to prevent vulture extinctions. Available at: http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2008/08/indian_drug_announcemment.html.
Botha, A.J., Ogada, D.L. and Virani, M.Z. 2012. Proceedings of the Pan-African Vulture Summit. Endangered Wildlife Trust, Modderfontein, South Africa and The Peregrine Fund, Boise, ID.
Botha, A.J.; Andevski, J.; Bowden, C.G.R.; Gudka, M.; Safford, R.J.; Tavares, J.; Williams, N. P. 2017. Multi-species Action Plan to Conserve African-Eurasian Vultures. MS Raptors MOU Technical Publication No. 5. CMS Technical Series No. xx. Coordinating Unit of the CMS Raptors MOU, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Available at: http://www.cms.int/sites/default/files/document/cms_cop12_doc.24.1.4_annex3_vulture-msap_e.pdf.
Buij, R.; Nikolaus, G.; Whytock, R.; Ingram, D.J.; Ogada, D. 2016. Trade of threatened vultures and other raptors for fetish and bushmeat in West and Central Africa. Oryx 50(4): 606-616.
Craig, C. A., Thomson, R. L. and Santangeli, A. 2018. Communal farmers of Namibia appreciate vultures and the ecosystem services they provide. Ostrich 89(3): 211-220.
del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. and Sargatal, J. (eds). 1994. Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
Ferguson-Lees, J. and Christie, D.A. 2001. Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm, London.
Hancock, P. 2008. White-headed Vulture. In: Hancock, P. (ed.), The status of globally and nationally threatened birds in Botswana, 2008., pp. 13-14. BirdLife Botswana.
Harrison, J. A., Allan, D. G., Underhill, L. G., Herremans, M., Tree, A. J., Parker, V. & Brown, C. J. 1997. The Atlas of Southern African Birds. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
Hustler, K.; Howells, W. W. 1988. Breeding biology of the Whiteheaded Vulture in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. Ostrich 59: 21-24.
IUCN. 2021. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-3. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 09 December 2021).
McKean, S.; Mander, M.; Diederichs, N.; Ntuli, L.; Mavundla, K.; Williams, V.; Wakelin, J. 2013. The impact of traditional use on vultures in South Africa. Vulture News 65: 15-36.
Mundy, P.; Butchart, D.; Ledger, J.; Piper, S. 1992. The vultures of Africa. Academic Press, London.
Murn, C. 2014. Observations of predatory behavior by White-headed Vultures. J. Raptor Research 48: 297-299.
Murn, C., Mundy, P., Virani, M.Z., Borello, W.D., Holloway, G.J. and Thiollay, J.M. 2016. Using Africa’s protected area network to estimate the global population of a threatened and declining species: a case study of the Critically Endangered White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis. Ecol. and Evol. 6: 1092-1103.
Murn, C.; Botha, A. in press. Assessing the accuracy of plotless density estimators using census counts. Ostrich.
Murn, C.; Combrink, L.; Thompson, C.; Ronaldson, G. S.; Botha, A. 2013. Population estimates of three vulture species in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ostrich 84: 1-9.
Murn, C.; Holloway, G. J. 2014. Breeding biology of the White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ostrich 85: 125-130.
Ogada, D.; Shaw, P.; Beyers, R.L.; Buij, R.; Murn, C.; Thiollay, J.M.; Beale, C.M.; Holdo, R.M.; Pomeroy, D.; Baker, N.; Krüger, S.C.; Botha, A.; Virani, M.Z.; Monadjem, A.; Sinclair, A.R.E. 2016. Another continental vulture crisis: Africa’s vultures collapsing toward extinction. Conservation Letters 9: 89-97.
Otieno, P.O.; Lalah, J.O.; Virani, M., Jondiko, I.O.; Schramm, K. 2010. Carbofuran and its toxic metabolites provide forensic evidence for Furadan exposure in vultures (Gyps africanus) in Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 84: 536-544.
Parker, V. 2005. The atlas of the birds of central Mozambique. Avian Demography Unit and Endangered Wildlife Trust, Cape Town and Johannesburg.
Parker, V. 2005. The atlas of the birds of central Mozambique. Endangered Wildlife Trust and Avian Demography Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Rondeau, G. 2008. Tagged vultures in Fouta Djallon, Guinea. Vulture News: 56.
Roxburgh, L.; McDougall, R. 2012. Vulture poisoning incidents and the status of vultures in Zambia and Malawi. Vulture News 62: 33-39.
Simmons, R. E. 2015. White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps Occipitalis. In: Simmons, R. E.; Brown, C. J.; Kemper, J. (ed.), Birds to watch in Namibia: red, rare and endemic species, pp. 115-116. Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Namibia Nature Foundation.
Virani, M.; Kendall, C.; Njoroge, P.; Thomsett, S. 2011. Major declines in the abundance of vultures and other scavenging raptors in and around the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya. Biological Conservation 144: 746-752.
WCS. 2016. Nationally Threatened Species for Uganda.
Woodford, M.H.; Bowden, C.G.R.; Shah, N. 2008. Diclofenac in Asia and Africa – repeating the same mistake? Harmonisation and improvement of registration and quality control of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Africa - OIE World Organisation for Animal Health.
IUCN SSC Vulture Specialist Group
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-headed Vulture Trigonoceps occipitalis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-headed-vulture-trigonoceps-occipitalis on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.