• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
C2a(ii)	C2a(ii); D	C2a(i,ii); D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Critically Endangered	C2a(ii)
2018	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2010	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2008	Endangered	C2a(i); D1
2004	Endangered
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	4,553 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,632 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	50-249 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Generation length	3.98 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is rare and local, being absent from large areas of apparently suitable habitat. In 2003, 28 individuals were counted at six known sites (G. Engblom in litt. 2003); given the number of suitable bogs within its range it was suggested that the global population may potentially number as many as 200-1,000 individuals (G. Engblom in litt. 2003), but is probably closer to the lower figure (J. Barrio in litt. 2009; R. E. Gibbons in litt. 2009). During the surveys from 2008 to 2011, 104 bogs were searched yielding 113 individuals at 18 of these (J. Barrio in litt. 2012). Given the number of suitable bogs within its range it is estimated that the global population may number less than 300 individuals, which would include fewer than 250 mature individuals (J. Barrio in litt. 2012; see also SERFOR 2018). The population is thus here placed in the band 50-249 mature individuals.
The subpopulation structure has not been formally investigated. Nevertheless, given its very small range and occasional records of stray individuals far away from suitable habitat (eBird 2021; J. Barrio in litt. 2021), it is tentatively assumed that the species is able to disperse between sites, so that all individuals would belong to the same subpopulation.

Trend justification: The species is precautionarily inferred to be in decline as suitable bogs within the range have been destroyed by mining activities and are being degraded by overgrazing, through the dumping of deposits, and water and peat extraction. Formerly occupied sites have suffered from mining activities, leading to their partial or complete destruction and the local extinction of the species. At undisturbed sites, the species was found to be stable (F. Angulo in litt. 2021). The rate of population decline has not been quantified.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Peru	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Peru	Lago de Junín
Peru	Marcapomacocha
Peru	Pampas Pucacocha y Curicocha
Peru	Yauli

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	resident
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)		major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	major	resident
Altitude	4300 - 5000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: White-bellied Cinclodes Cinclodes palliatus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/white-bellied-cinclodes-cinclodes-palliatus on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.