• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Chrysoena viridis (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) was previously placed in the genus Ptilinopus as P. layardi following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993); the name viridis has priority over layardi.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)+2b(iii)
2016	Near Threatened	C1
2013	Near Threatened	C1
2012	Near Threatened	C1
2008	Near Threatened	C1
2006	Near Threatened
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	920 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	784 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	3000-10000 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2005
Population trend	decreasing	medium	suspected	1998-2008
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.2 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	90-94%	-	-	-

Population justification: BirdLife Fiji surveys found this species to be common in evergreen forests, with 53 birds recorded (mostly calling males) in 23.5 hours at a mixed lowland and montane site, and 17 birds in 15 hours at a montane site. Estimating an average pace 1 km/hour and an effective detection distance of 50 m each side of the trail suggests that around 23 and 11 birds were detected per km² at these sites, mostly calling males. The area of dense and medium-dense forest on Kadavu is around 225 km², suggesting that the total population is around 2,500-5,000 birds. However, there are a number of likely errors in this estimate, especially the number of silent birds overlooked and the species' higher abundance at lower altitudes (where calling males can be as little as 100 m apart). Additionally, the species also occurs on the island of Ono which probably constitutes a second sub-population (as this and other Chrysoena doves are rarely seen flying outside forest and have not been recorded from smaller islands), numbering about 5% of the total population (G. Dutson in litt. 2005). The population size may therefore be substantially larger, and to account for this uncertainty is tentatively placed in the band 5,000-15,000 birds, or 3,000-10,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be declining based on rate of habitat loss; this rate is currently slow (c.4-5% over three generations [Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein]) and it should continue to be monitored on both islands. As a forest-dependent species, C. viridis is suspected to be declining at approximately the same rate as that of forest loss and declines are placed in the band 1-9% over three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Fiji	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Fiji	East Kadavu
Fiji	Nabukelevu

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Whistling Dove Chrysoena viridis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/whistling-dove-chrysoena-viridis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.