• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	5,300 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	20000-49999 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2016
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	2.7 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number fewer than 50,000 mature individuals (Partners in Flight 2019); thus it is here placed in the band 20,000-49,999 mature individuals. The species is described as 'fairly common' (Stotz et al. 1996).

Trend justification: The population trend is difficult to determine. In the absence of evidence for any declines or substantial threats, the species is tentatively assessed as stable.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Costa Rica	extant	native	yes
Panama	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Costa Rica	Central Volcanic Cordillera
Costa Rica	Talamanca Highlands
Panama	Volcán Barú National Park

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Grassland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	major	resident
Altitude	2700 - 3600 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 2100 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Volcano Junco Junco vulcani. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/volcano-junco-junco-vulcani on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.