• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)
2016	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2013	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2009	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2008	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	39 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	12,500 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	14000-94000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Generation length	3.35 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2-4	-	-	-

Population justification: The species is locally quite common (Dutson 2011, eBird 2022). It occurs at a density of 7–17 birds/km² (Bowen 1997), although much larger densities of 100 birds/km² have been recorded in optimum protected habitat (Woodall 2020). Adopting a range of 10-40 mature individuals/km² (to incorporate a likely variation between sites) and an occupancy rate of 30-50%, the population size of T. farquhari is broadly estimated at 14,000-94,000 mature individuals, assuming that c.4,700 km² of suitable habitat remains (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein).

Trend justification: Although in some areas this species appears semi-tolerant of habitat degradation, in much of its range it is confined to undisturbed forest, being outcompeted by T. chloris in more open environments. Consequently, ongoing, albeit slow, habitat loss and degradation (equivalent to 3-4% over three generations; Global Forest Watch 2022, based on Hansen et al. [2013]) is thought to be causing a slow decline.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Vanuatu	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Vanuatu	Loru
Vanuatu	Neck of Malakula - Crab Bay
Vanuatu	Santo Mountain Chain
Vanuatu	Vatthe
Vanuatu	West Malo

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Bos taurus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Sus domesticus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Vanuatu Kingfisher Todiramphus farquhari. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/vanuatu-kingfisher-todiramphus-farquhari on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.