• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
B1ab(iii)	B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D	B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Critically Endangered	B1ab(iii)
2016	Critically Endangered	B1ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)
2013	Critically Endangered	B1ab(iii,v);C2a(ii)
2012	Critically Endangered	B1ab(iii,v);C2a(ii)
2011	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(iii)
2010	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(iii)
2009	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(iii)
2008	Critically Endangered
2005	Critically Endangered
2004	Vulnerable
2001	Critically Endangered
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	68 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	68 km2
Number of locations	1	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	100-150 mature individuals	good	estimated	2024
Population trend	stable	good	estimated	-
Generation length	3.1 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Surveys in 2019 estimated 173 individuals in total, and population monitoring in recent years indicate a stable (possibly increasing) trend overall (Igual and Ghestemme 2020). As such, assuming only a proportion refers to mature individuals and accounting for some uncertainty, the population is here placed in the band 100-150 mature individuals.

Trend justification: Subspecies niauensis was represented by 400-600 birds in 1974, and reported as common in 1990; the nominate gambieri having become extinct on Mangareva, Gambier Islands, probably prior to 1922 (Holyoak and Thibault 1984, Seitre and Seitre 1991, 1992). A marked decline was then noted and in the 2000s the species became restricted to the eastern part of the island, likely related to a decrease in coconut harvesting in the western part (Thibault and Cibois 2017). Surveys in 2006-2008 suggested a total population of around 125 individuals (Gouni et al. 2006, Gouni and Zysman 2007, D. Kesler in litt. 2008, 2009, 2010), and the population appears to have stabilised since with slight increases to 135 in 2009 (Gouni et al. 2009) and 144 in 2014 (SOP Manu 2015). Data from radio-marked and colour-banded birds have also not indicated a major population crash or increase (D. Kesler in litt. 2009, 2010). Although a population projection based on survival rates was indicative of a declining trend (Kesler et al. 2012b), with low female and extremely low juvenile survival (40 % and 12% respectively), population monitoring continues to indicate a stable, or possibly increasing, trend overall: the population size in 2017, 2018 and 2019 was estimated at 157, 148 and 173 individuals respectively (Igual and Ghestemme 2020). Taking a precautionary approach, the population trend is set here to stable.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
French Polynesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
French Polynesia	Niau

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	major	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	marginal	resident
Altitude	0 - 20 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		No decline		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species disturbance, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus exulans	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		No decline		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species disturbance, Competition, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		No decline		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species disturbance, Competition, Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		No decline		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Species disturbance, Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion, Reduced reproductive success

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Tuamotu Kingfisher Todiramphus gambieri. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/tuamotu-kingfisher-todiramphus-gambieri on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.