NT
Toucan Barbet Semnornis ramphastinus



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2023 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd
2016 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2012 Near Threatened A2cd+3cd+4cd;B1ab(i,ii,iii,v)
2008 Near Threatened A2c,d; A3c,d; A4c,d; B1a+b(i,ii,iii,v)
2004 Near Threatened
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988 Threatened
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type continent
Average mass 98 g
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 115,900 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 20000-49999 mature individuals poor suspected 2022
Population trend decreasing poor inferred 2017-2029
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 20-29% - - -
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 20-29% - - -
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) 20-29% - - -
Generation length 4.11 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 2-100 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but density descriptions range from 'uncommon' (Stotz et al. 1996) to 'abundant' (Rueda et al. 2020).
Surveys at La Planada Nature Reserve, Colombia, in the 1980s suggested an world population of c.73,000 individuals (Restrepo and Mondragón 1987), but this number is now considered an overestimate (Rueda et al. 2020 and references therein). Considering this, and accounting for past population declines, the population is tentatively placed in the band 20,000-49,999 mature individuals, though an accurate quantification is urgently required.

Trend justification: The species has been suffering from local declines or extinctions, particularly in Colombia (Renjifo et al. 2014). The main drivers of the decline appear to be illegal trapping, followed by the loss and degradation of its habitat (Renjifo et al. 2014, Rueda et al. 2020).
Tree cover within the range is lost at a rate of 3% over three generations (12.3 years; Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Given the species' dependence on mature forests, particularly during the breeding season, population declines may be steeper than the rate of tree cover loss alone suggests. The impact of trapping has not been quantified but is described as locally severe, particularly given the species' cooperative breeding behaviour as this enables trappers to capture a large number of individuals at once (Renjifo et al. 2014, Rueda et al. 2020). Tentatively, it is suspected that the combined impact of habitat loss, habitat degradation and trapping is causing declines of 20-29% over three generations.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Colombia extant native yes
Ecuador extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Colombia Alto de Pisones
Colombia Enclave Seco del Río Dagua
Colombia Farallones de Cali Natural National Park
Colombia Munchique Natural National Park and southern extension
Colombia Parque Nacional Natural Tatamá
Colombia Reserva Natural El Pangán
Colombia Reserva Natural Río Ñambí
Colombia Reserva Natural Tambito
Ecuador Bosque Protector Los Cedros
Ecuador El Ángel - Cerro Golondrinas and surrounding areas
Ecuador Intag-Toisán
Ecuador Los Bancos - Milpe
Ecuador Maquipucuna-Río Guayllabamba
Ecuador Mashpi-Pachijal
Ecuador Mindo and western foothills of Volcan Pichincha
Ecuador Reserva Ecológica Cotacachi-Cayapas
Ecuador Reserva Ecológica Los Illinizas y alrededores
Ecuador Río Toachi-Chiriboga
Ecuador Territorio Étnico Awá y alrededores

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial Pastureland suitable resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane major resident
Altitude 1000 - 2400 m Occasional altitudinal limits (min) 260 m

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Majority (50-90%) Rapid Declines Medium Impact: 7
Stresses
Species mortality
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining Mining & quarrying Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Problematic native species/diseases - Andigena laminirostris Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Negligible declines Low Impact: 4
Stresses
Competition, Reduced reproductive success
Residential & commercial development Housing & urban areas Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Causing/Could cause fluctuations Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem conversion

Utilisation
Purpose Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture subsistence, national

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Toucan Barbet Semnornis ramphastinus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/toucan-barbet-semnornis-ramphastinus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.