• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Indrawan, M.; Somadikarta, S. 2004. A new hawk-owl from the Togian Islands, Gulf of Tomini, central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 124: 160-171.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)+2b(iii); C1
2016	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2008	Near Threatened	C2a(i)
2007	Near Threatened
2006	Not Evaluated
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	1,700 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,080 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2100-8100 mature individuals	poor	inferred	2022
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2029
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	5-15%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-20%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-20%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.39 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	3-5	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size of this species has never been formally estimated, although it is described as 'fairly common' by Eaton et al. (2021). Citizen science data (eBird 2023) affirm this description and suggest it occurs at relatively high density in areas for which it has been searched. Remote sensing data indicate that c.600 km² of forest remains in its range (per Global Forest Watch 2023), and most of this is suspected to be occupied given this species' apparent tolerance of degradation (Eaton et al. 2021). Few robust densities for Ninox owls are available, although Jakosalem et al. (2013) recorded densities of up to 20 mature individuals/km² for Ninox rumseyi of Cebu. However, these data were based on home ranges from satellite-tracking that the authors acknowledged yielded territory sizes that were probably too small due to the short time the birds were followed for. The estimated home ranges were, for example, up to ten times smaller than that of Ninox boobook sensu stricto (Olsen et al. 2011). Assuming a density of 5-15 mature individuals/km², and an occupancy of 70-90%, the population size of Ninox burhani is inferred to be 2,100-8,100 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population trend of this species has not been directly assessed although it is suspected to be declining in response to forest cover loss, which appears to be accelerating. In the three generations (13.2 years; Bird et al. 2020) to 2021, approximately 10% of forest cover was lost in this species' mapped range. Between 2016 and 2021, this accelerated to a rate equivalent to c.13%. However, this species is evidently tolerant of some habitat degradation (Eaton et al. 2021, eBird 2023) and it therefore may not be declining in parallel with forest losses. To account for this uncertainty, it is suspected to have declined by 5-15% in the past three generations, and (precautionarily assuming 2016-2021 rates of loss continue) by 10-20% in the next three generations.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Togian Boobook Ninox burhani. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/togian-boobook-ninox-burhani on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.