Taxonomic note
Metabolus takatsukasae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Monarcha takatsukasae.
Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | - |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2022 | Near Threatened | D2 |
2016 | Vulnerable | A3ce+4be; D2 |
2012 | Vulnerable | A3e+4be;D2 |
2008 | Vulnerable | A3e; ; D2 |
2004 | Vulnerable | |
2000 | Vulnerable | |
1996 | Vulnerable | |
1994 | Vulnerable | |
1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | medium |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,620 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 190 km2 | |
Number of locations | 2-50,11-50 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 33000-66000 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2013 |
Population trend | stable | poor | suspected | 1998-2008 |
Generation length | 3.5 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 2 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 95-99% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The most recent estimate of the Tinian Monarch population on Tinian is 91,420 (95% CI 74,593-110,822) in 2013 (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific 2014). This is an increase from the last estimate in 2008 of 56, 305 (95% CI 43,343-70,909); however, the long-term trend for the Tinian Monarch population has been stable between 1982 and 2013 (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific 2014) and these differences are likely born from a difference in survey methodology. A second population was established on Guguan. Although no population estimate has been made of this population since its introduction, the size of the island means that it is unlikely to exceed a few hundred individuals when at carrying capacity, thus is unlikely to exceed 1% of the global population. The global population is placed in the band of 50,000-99,999 individuals, or perhaps approximately 33,000-66,000 mature individuals.
Trend justification: The population is believed to be stable in absence of an acting threat. A five-year monitoring programme, which included surveys and survival studies, was undertaken from 2006 to 2010 as part of the removal of this species from the U.S. Endangered Species List; the study apparently indicated a continuing decline in monarch populations on Tinian (USFWS 2005, Marshall & Amidon 2009, F. A. Amidon in litt. 2012, P. Radley in litt. 2012), although the most recent surveys in 2013 revealed that their numbers are comparable to earlier estimates (Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific 2014).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA) | Tinian Island |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Swamp | suitable | resident |
Shrubland | Subtropical/Tropical Moist | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 0 - 170 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Biological resource use | Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Unlikely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Boiga irregularis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Future | Whole (>90%) | Rapid Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
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Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Likely to Return | Majority (50-90%) | No decline | Past Impact | ||||||
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Tinian Monarch Metabolus takatsukasae. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/tinian-monarch-metabolus-takatsukasae on 25/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 25/12/2024.