• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	full migrant	Forest dependency	low
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	14,600,000 km2	medium
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding)	94,400,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	poor	estimated	2012
Population trend	decreasing	-	estimated	-
Generation length	6.4 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population is estimated to number c.160,000-1,200,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015), while national population sizes have been estimated at c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration and < c.50 wintering individuals in Taiwan and c.10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and c.1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in Russia (Brazil 2009). The European population is estimated at 15,500-50,700 pairs, which equates to 30,900-101,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).

Trend justification: The overall population trend is declining. Some populations have unknown trends or are stable (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated to be decreasing by less than 25% in 19.2 years (three generations) (BirdLife International 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Afghanistan	extant	native				yes
Angola	extant	native
Argentina	extant	vagrant
Armenia	extant	native
Australia	extant	native
Austria	extant	native				yes
Azerbaijan	extant	native				yes
Bahrain	extant	native			yes	yes
Bangladesh	extant	native
Belarus	extant	native		yes
Belgium	extant	vagrant
Botswana	extant	vagrant
British Indian Ocean Territory	extant	native
Brunei	extant	native
Bulgaria	extant	vagrant
Burundi	extant	vagrant
Cambodia	extant	native
Cameroon	extant	vagrant
Canada	extant	vagrant
China (mainland)	extant	native
Christmas Island (to Australia)	extant	vagrant
Comoros	extant	native
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	extant	native
Côte d'Ivoire	extant	vagrant
Cyprus	extant	vagrant
Czechia	extant	vagrant
Denmark	extant	vagrant
Djibouti	extant	native
Egypt	extant	native
Eritrea	extant	native
Estonia	extant	native
Eswatini	extant	vagrant
Ethiopia	extant	native
Fiji	extant	native			yes	yes
Finland	extant	native		yes
France	extant	vagrant
Gabon	extant	vagrant
Gambia	extant	vagrant
Georgia	extant	native
Germany	extant	vagrant
Ghana	extant	vagrant
Greece	extant	vagrant
Guam (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Hong Kong (China)	extant	native			yes
Hungary	extant	vagrant
India	extant	native
Indonesia	extant	native
Iran, Islamic Republic of	extant	native			yes	yes
Iraq	extant	native				yes
Ireland	extant	vagrant
Israel	extant	native
Italy	extant	native
Japan	extant	native
Jordan	extant	vagrant
Kazakhstan	extant	native
Kenya	extant	native
Kuwait	extant	native			yes	yes
Kyrgyzstan	extant	native
Laos	extant	native
Latvia	extant	native		yes
Lebanon	extant	vagrant				yes
Libya	extant	vagrant
Lithuania	extant	vagrant
Madagascar	extant	native
Malawi	extant	native
Malaysia	extant	native			yes
Maldives	extant	vagrant
Mali	extant	vagrant
Malta	extant	vagrant
Mauritania	extant	vagrant
Mauritius	extant	vagrant
Mayotte (to France)	extant	native
Micronesia, Federated States of	extant	native			yes
Moldova	extant	native
Mongolia	extant	native
Morocco	extant	vagrant
Mozambique	extant	native
Myanmar	extant	native
Namibia	extant	native
Nepal	extant	vagrant
Netherlands	extant	vagrant
New Caledonia (to France)	extant	vagrant
New Zealand	extant	native
Nigeria	extant	vagrant
North Korea	extant	native
Northern Mariana Islands (to USA)	extant	native			yes
Norway	extant	vagrant
Oman	extant	native			yes	yes
Pakistan	extant	native
Palau	extant	native			yes
Palestine	extant	vagrant				yes
Papua New Guinea	extant	native
Philippines	extant	native
Poland	extant	vagrant
Qatar	extant	native			yes	yes
Réunion (to France)	extant	vagrant
Romania	extant	vagrant
Russia	extant	native		yes		yes
Russia (Asian)	extant	native		yes
Russia (Central Asian)	extant	native		yes		yes
Russia (European)	extant	native		yes		yes
Rwanda	extant	vagrant
Saudi Arabia	extant	native			yes	yes
Seychelles	extant	native
Singapore	extant	native
Slovakia	extant	vagrant
Somalia	extant	native
South Africa	extant	native
South Korea	extant	native
South Sudan	extant	native			yes
Spain	extant	vagrant
Sri Lanka	extant	native
Sudan	extant	native
Sweden	extant	vagrant
Switzerland	extant	vagrant
Syria	extant	native				yes
Taiwan, China	extant	native
Tajikistan	extant	native
Tanzania	extant	native
Thailand	extant	native
Timor-Leste	extant	native			yes	yes
Togo	extant	native
Trinidad and Tobago	extant	vagrant
Tunisia	extant	vagrant
Türkiye	extant	native
Turkmenistan	extant	native
Uganda	extant	native
Ukraine	extant	native		yes		yes
United Arab Emirates	extant	native			yes	yes
United Kingdom	extant	vagrant
USA	extant	native			yes
Uzbekistan	extant	native
Vietnam	extant	native
Yemen	extant	native			yes	yes
Zambia	extant	native
Zimbabwe	extant	native

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Australia	Eighty Mile Beach
Azerbaijan	Divichi liman (or Lake Akzibir)
China (mainland)	Shuangtai (Shuangtaizi) Estuary and Inner Gulf of Liaodong
Hong Kong (China)	Inner Deep Bay and Shenzhen River catchment area
Indonesia	Pesisir Pantai Jambi
Iran, Islamic Republic of	Khouran Straits
Japan	Fujimae tidal flat
Japan	Hakata bay
Japan	Kumakawa estuary
Japan	Nakatsu and Usa tidal flats
Japan	Shirakawa estuary
Madagascar	Wetlands of the Tsiribihina delta and upper Tsiribihina river
Malaysia	North-central Selangor coast
Malaysia	Pulau Bruit National Park
Oman	Barr al Hikman
Russia (Asian)	Forty Islands
Russia (Asian)	Muna-Besyuke
Russia (Central Asian)	Basins of the Schuchya and Khadytayakha rivers
Russia (Central Asian)	Dvuob'ye
Russia (Central Asian)	Lower Ob'
Saudi Arabia	Madinat Yanbu al-Sinaiyah
Saudi Arabia	Tarut Bay
South Korea	Asan Bay (including Asan-ho lake and Sapgyo-ho lake)
South Korea	Dongjin estuary
South Korea	Geum-gang river and estuary
South Korea	Hampyeong Bay
South Korea	Mangyeong estuary
South Korea	Muan tidal flat
South Korea	Namyang Bay
South Korea	Suncheon Bay
South Korea	Tidal flat area of southern Ganghwa-do island
South Korea	Tidal flat area of Yeongjong-do island
Tanzania	Mafia Island
Tanzania	Rufiji Delta
Tanzania	Zanzibar Island-South Coast

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Aquatic & Marine	Artificial/Aquatic - Salt Exploitation Sites	suitable	non-breeding
Forest	Boreal	suitable	breeding
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Brackish/Saline Lagoons/Marine Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Coastal/Supratidal	Coastal Freshwater Lakes	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Mud Flats and Salt Flats	major	non-breeding
Marine Intertidal	Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc	major	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Back Slope	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Foreslope (Outer Reef Slope)	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Rubble Substrate	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Inter-Reef Soft Substrate	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Lagoon	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Coral Reef - Outer Reef Channel	suitable	non-breeding
Marine Neritic	Estuaries	suitable	non-breeding
Shrubland	Subarctic	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	suitable	passage
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha)	suitable	passage
Wetlands (inland)	Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha)	suitable	breeding
Wetlands (inland)	Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt)	suitable	breeding
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects
Biological resource use	Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Abstraction of surface water (unknown use)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Dams (size unknown)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Other ecosystem modifications	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Species mortality

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/terek-sandpiper-xenus-cinereus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.