Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
B1ab(iii); D | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D | B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii); D1+2 |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2020 | Critically Endangered | B1ab(iii); D |
2018 | Critically Endangered | D |
2016 | Critically Endangered | D |
2015 | Critically Endangered | D |
2013 | Critically Endangered | D |
2012 | Critically Endangered | D |
2011 | Critically Endangered | D1 |
2010 | Critically Endangered | D1 |
2009 | Critically Endangered | D1 |
2008 | Critically Endangered | |
2006 | Critically Endangered | |
2004 | Critically Endangered | |
2000 | Critically Endangered | |
1996 | Critically Endangered | |
1994 | Critically Endangered | |
1988 | Threatened |
Migratory status | not a migrant | Forest dependency | high |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 4 km2 | medium |
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 16 km2 | |
Number of locations | 1 | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 25-100 mature individuals | good | observed | 2019 |
Population trend | increasing | good | observed | 2001-2011 |
Generation length | 3.33 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 1-3 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 33-100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: In 2014, there were an estimated 43 territorial adults (20 in Maruapo, 13 in Papehue and 10 in Tiapa), plus at least ten more non-territorial birds (Blanvillain et al. 2015), fledging 12 young (LPO 2014). In 2015, 53 adults (but only 13 breeding pairs) fledged 14 young (Blanvillain et al. 2018). The population size has continued to rise, and in 2018 the population size was estimated at 79 adults (Blanvillain 2019, Blanvillain et al. 2020), followed by an estimated 91 adults in 2019 (C. Blanvillain in litt. 2020). The species has a low reproductive rate; a study found that only 56% of pairs attempt to lay an egg in any year. (Blanvillain et al. 2018). Between 2015 and 2019, the number of breeding individuals was 26, 28, 28, 34 and 48 (C. Blanvillain in litt. 2020). Therefore, the number of mature individuals is placed in the band 25-100 mature individuals.
The distances between the range valleys are small, and an individual transferred from Maruapo to Tiapa in 2009 was found to have moved back to its original Maruapo territory in 2012 (Blanvillain et al. 2013). However, differences have been observed between the calls of individuals in each valley, and ringed individuals have not been confirmed to move between the valleys spontaneously (C. Blanvillain in litt. 2020). The species is therefore thought to have 1-3 subpopulations.
Trend justification: It was apparently rare throughout the 20th century and, during the period 1986-1991, was noted in only four valleys (several pairs at each locality) out of 39 visited (Monnet et al. 1993). In 1998, 25 birds were located in four valleys containing isolated populations of 5–7 birds each (Blanvillain et al. 2003). Following the initiation of a recovery programme in 1998, the population size began to increase slowly. Twenty-eight birds were recorded in 2000 (Blanvillain et al. 2003). In 2001, a further population of 33 birds was discovered upstream beyond several waterfalls, in one of the species's range valleys (Blanvillain et al. 2018). The total population in 2006 was estimated at 40-45 individuals (P. Raust in litt. 2005, Gouni et al. 2007). In the mid-2000s, the population size declined slightly, and by 2009, the population size was estimated at 33 individuals (Ghestemme 2009). From 2009 onwards, the population size has continued to increase. There were 36 known mature birds in 2010 (Blanvillain et al. 2013), 40 individuals (including seven fledglings) in 2011 (Ghestemme et al. 2011) and 43-44 individuals in 2012 (Blanvillain 2012). In 2014, there were an estimated 43 territorial adults (20 in Maruapo, 13 in Papehue and 10 in Tiapa), plus at least ten more non-territorial birds (Blanvillain et al. 2015). In 2015, 53 adults (but only 13 breeding pairs) fledged 14 young (Blanvillain et al. 2018). The rate of population increase has accelerated, and in 2018 the population size was estimated at 79 adults (Blanvillain 2019, Blanvillain et al. 2020), followed by an estimated 91 adults in 2019 (C. Blanvillain in litt. 2020).
The rate of population increase has been estimated at 1% per year from 1998-2012, 11% per year from 2012 onwards, and 17% per year from 2016 (SOP-Manu 2018, Blanvillain et al. 2020).
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
French Polynesia | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
French Polynesia | Vallées Maruapo, Papehue, Hopuetamai et Orofero |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland | major | resident |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane | suitable | resident |
Altitude | 80 - 400 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Climate change & severe weather | Storms & flooding | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Acridotheres tristis | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Likely to Return | Whole (>90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Capra hircus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Circus approximans | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Felis catus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Miconia calvescens | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Plasmodium relictum | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Pycnonotus cafer | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Rattus rattus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Likely to Return | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Spathodea campanulata | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | No decline | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Wasmannia auropunctata | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Circus approximans | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Todiramphus veneratus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Viral/prion-induced diseases - Avipoxvirus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Whole (>90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Tahiti Monarch Pomarea nigra. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/tahiti-monarch-pomarea-nigra on 04/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 04/12/2024.