• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
D	D	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Critically Endangered	D
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii); D
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii);D
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(i,ii);D
2011	Critically Endangered	C2a(i); C2a(ii); D1
2010	Critically Endangered	C2a(i); C2a(ii); D1
2009	Critically Endangered	C2a(i); C2a(ii); D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	780 km2	medium

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1-49 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2021
Population trend	unknown	poor	-	-
Generation length	5.38 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is assumed to be tiny (fewer than 50 individuals and mature individuals) based on assessment of local reports and area of remaining habitat which concluded that the population must be extremely small and on the verge of extinction. Any extant population is likely to be declining in response to moderately rapid forest loss on Tawitawi. It is reliably known from just two specimens collected in 1891; there have been no confirmed records since and repeated surveys in the 1990s failed to find any direct evidence of the species.

Trend justification: In 1994, most primary forest on the island of Tawitawi had been logged or cleared and only fragments remained, with proposals to convert some of those into oil-palm plantations. Between 2001 and 2020, forest loss on Tawitawi continued at a rate of c.0.7% per year, accelerating to c.1.4% between 2016-2020 (Global Forest Watch 2021). If this species is extant, any remnant population is may be in decline.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Philippines	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Philippines	Tawi-tawi Island

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national
Sport hunting/specimen collecting	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sulu Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sulu-bleeding-heart-gallicolumba-menagei on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.