Data Zone
Justification of Red List category
This species has a large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence under 20,000 km² combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population size has not been quantified, but it is not believed to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (under 10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be over 10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). Despite the fact that the population trend appears to be decreasing, the decline is not believed to be sufficiently rapid to approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (over 30% decline over ten years or three generations). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Population justification
The population size of this species has not been quantified, but it is considered uncommon to relatively common. More research is required. This species is considered to have a high dependency on forest habitat, and tree cover is estimated to have declined by 13.1% within its mapped range over the past three generations (Global Forest Watch 2022, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). It is therefore tentatively suspected that this rate of cover loss may have led to a decline of between 1-19% in the species' population size over the same time frame, with a best estimate of reduction being 11-14%.
Trend justification
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Cittura cyanotis is restricted to Sulawesi, Indonesia (BirdLife International 2001). Its distribution is apparently fragmented, with no records from south Sulawesi, but is moderately common in almost all forested areas in north Sulawesi (Fry and Fry 1999, J. Riley in litt. 2013) and also present near Luwuk in east Sulawesi, near Masamba in south-central Sulawesi, and on the south-east peninsula (Fry and Fry 1999). Common in Tangkoko-Batuangus Reserve (Fry and Fry 1999).
This species inhabits primary and tall secondary lowland forest and drier hill forest up to 1,000 m, but seems to be predominantly restricted to primary forest (del Hoyo et al. 2001, Riley 2002).
Miettinen et al. (2011) estimate the rate of forest loss on Sulawesi to be 10.8% between 2000 and 2010, driven primarily by agricultural expansion and logging for timber.
Conservation Actions Underway
No targeted conservation actions are known for this species.
Conservation Actions Proposed
Conduct ecological studies to identify its habitat requirements and response to habitat degradation. Repeat surveys throughout the range in order to assess population trends. Protect areas of suitable habitat.
28 cm. Striking large forest kingfisher with lilac ear coverts, blue-black mask, and brown upperparts. The brown tail is relatively long and graduated, and the bill is bright red. Similar species. C. sanghirensis (previously included with the present species) has a much stronger lilac colour on the breast and ear coverts, has a black forehead, mask and malar area and a slightly longer tail. Voice. A very rapid "ku-ku-ku-ku" repeated every few minutes.
Text account compilers
Rutherford, C.A.
Contributors
Riley, J.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sulawesi Lilac Kingfisher Cittura cyanotis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sulawesi-lilac-kingfisher-cittura-cyanotis on 18/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 18/12/2024.