• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Turacoena manadensis has been split into White-faced Cuckoo-dove T. manadensis and Sula Cuckoo-dove T. sulaensis on the basis of striking vocal differences (Ng and Rheindt 2016) and a consistent size difference revealed by an appraisal of specimens.

Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2019. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 4. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v4_Dec19.zip.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2020	Least Concern
2019	Least Concern
2016	Not Recognised
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	25,900 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	-
Generation length	5.6 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population of this species has not been quantified. The species is described as uncommon (Eaton et al. 2016).

Trend justification: The species is tentatively assumed to be in decline as a result of habitat loss, as with Turacoena manadensis (White-faced Cuckoo-dove) (Tracewski et al. 2016). Forest loss and degradation has been severe throughout its range during the past decades, largely as a result of conversion to agriculture, selective logging and forest fires (Rheindt 2010, Rheindt et al. 2010, Ng and Rheindt 2016). This has left the lowlands largely devoid of forest with many upland environments exhibiting significant decline (Ng and Rheindt 2016). This reduction in suitable habitat would therefore suggest a decline in the number of Sula Cuckoo-doves however, the species appears to tolerate some degree of forest degradation hence likely rates of decline are less rapid than the rate of forest degradation and loss. There are no direct assessments of the species's abundance or rates of population change.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 900 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Species mortality

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sula Cuckoo-Dove Turacoena sulaensis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sula-cuckoo-dove-turacoena-sulaensis on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.