Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | A2bd+4bd | A2bd+4bd |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Near Threatened | A2b+4b |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | low |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 2,800,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 32,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 1200000 mature individuals | good | estimated | 2023 |
| Population trend | decreasing | - | estimated | 2014-2027 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 0-59,20-29% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 0-20% | - | - | - |
| Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 0-59,20-25% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 4.6 years | - | - | - |
| Number of subpopulations | 1 | - | - | - |
| Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 100% | - | - | - |
Population justification: The population has been estimated at 1.2 million mature individuals (Andres et al. 2012, Bart et al. in prep.). This value is based on the Program for Regional and International Shorebird Monitoring (PRISM) surveys on the breeding grounds (Bart and Smith 2012, Smith et al. in prep.). The final estimate for Arctic Canada was 1,108,326 (Smith et al. in prep.), with an additional c.124,000 for surveyed parts of northern Alaska (Andres et al. 2012), totaling 1,232,326 and rounded to 1.2 million (Bart et al. in prep.). These surveys target breeding pairs in suitable breeding habitat, hence the values derived are considered to relate to mature individuals.
Trend justification: Previously, based on BBS/CBC data (Butcher and Niven 2007) the population trend was thought to be increasing in North America. However the majority of both the breeding and wintering range of the species are poorly covered by these surveys, and migration surveys are considered to cover a greater portion of the population and consequently generate more reliable trends. Smith et al. (2023) used updated migration count data to estimate a population reduction equivalent to 22.9% over three generations, though with wide confidence intervals between a reduction of 59.4% and an increase of 41%. The rate of reduction is here estimated to fall within the wide band of 0-59%, with the best estimate between 20-29% over three generations to cover the median rate of reduction estimated by Smith et al. (2023). This data is also used in the Avian Conservation Assessment Database December 2023 update (Partners in Flight 2023).
Breeding season data appeared to show moderate declines in the eastern part of the range, for example a reduction of greater than 70% at Churchill (Manitoba) between the 1960s and 1980s, but in contrast rapid increases in the western part of the range, for example at Prudhoe Bay (Alaska) a 300-400% increase occurred between the 1980s and 1990s (Klima and Jehl, Jr. 2020). However this increase at the western edge of the range likely reflects a westwards shift in the distribution as the species was virtually absent from Prudhoe Bay prior to the 1980s (Klima and Jehl, Jr. 2020). There are now data indicating declines in Alaska too, with surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge recording 6,218 (SE 2,194) in 2002/2004 but only 4,324 (SE 1,469) in 2019/2022 (R. Lanctot in litt. 2024).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anguilla (to UK) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Antigua and Barbuda | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Aruba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Austria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bahamas | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Barbados | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Belize | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bermuda (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bolivia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Canada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cayman Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Colombia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Costa Rica | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Cuba | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Curaçao (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Dominica | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Dominican Republic | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Ecuador | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| El Salvador | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Finland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| France | extant | vagrant | ||||
| French Guiana | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Grenada | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guadeloupe (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guatemala | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Guyana | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Haiti | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Honduras | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Iceland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ireland | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jamaica | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Japan | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Martinique (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Mexico | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Montserrat (to UK) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Morocco | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Nicaragua | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Norway | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Panama | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Paraguay | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Peru | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sint Maarten (to Netherlands) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | ||||
| St Barthelemy (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Kitts and Nevis | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Lucia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Martin (to France) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| St Pierre and Miquelon (to France) | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Vincent and the Grenadines | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Suriname | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Sweden | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Taiwan, China | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Turks and Caicos Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| USA | extant | native | yes | yes | yes | |
| Venezuela | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Virgin Islands (to UK) | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
| Virgin Islands (to USA) | extant | native | yes | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Canada | Landis Lake |
| Canada | Quill Lakes |
| Puerto Rico (to USA) | Suroeste |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Wastewater Treatment Areas | suitable | non-breeding |
| Forest | Boreal | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Seasonally Wet/Flooded | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Tundra | major | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Tundra Wetlands (incl. pools and temporary waters from snowmelt) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 4200 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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| Biological resource use | Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target) | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Climate change & severe weather | Habitat shifting & alteration | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Causing/Could cause fluctuations | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/stilt-sandpiper-calidris-himantopus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.