Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Perrins, C.M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Cramp, S.; Perrins, C. M. 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N. J.; Christie, D. A.; Elliott, A.; Fishpool, L. D. C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Least Concern | |
| 2004 | Least Concern | |
| 2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 24,600,000 km2 | medium |
| Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 21,700,000 km2 | medium |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | unknown | poor | estimated | 2012 |
| Population trend | increasing | - | suspected | - |
| Generation length | 9 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: The global population is estimated at 130,000-800,000 individuals (Wetlands International 2015). The European population is estimated at 1,100-1,600 pairs, which equates to 2,100-3,200 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2015).
Trend justification: The population is suspected to be increasing as ongoing habitat degradation is creating new areas of suitable habitat (del Hoyo et al. 1996). The European population is estimated to be stable (BirdLife International 2015).
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angola | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Bahrain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Belgium | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Benin | extant | native | ||||
| Bulgaria | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Burkina Faso | extant | native | ||||
| Burundi | extant | native | ||||
| Cameroon | extant | native | ||||
| Cape Verde | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Central African Republic | extant | native | ||||
| Chad | extant | native | ||||
| Congo, The Democratic Republic of the | extant | native | ||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | ||||
| Croatia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Cyprus | extant | native | yes | |||
| Czechia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Djibouti | extant | native | ||||
| Egypt | extant | native | yes | |||
| Eritrea | extant | native | ||||
| Ethiopia | extant | native | ||||
| Gabon | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Gambia | extant | native | ||||
| Germany | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Ghana | extant | native | ||||
| Greece | extant | native | yes | |||
| Guinea | extant | native | ||||
| Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | ||||
| Hungary | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | extant | native | yes | |||
| Iraq | extant | native | yes | |||
| Israel | extant | native | yes | |||
| Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Jordan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Kenya | extant | native | ||||
| Kuwait | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Lebanon | extant | native | yes | |||
| Liberia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Malawi | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mali | extant | native | ||||
| Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Mauritania | extant | native | ||||
| Montenegro | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Niger | extant | native | ||||
| Nigeria | extant | native | ||||
| North Macedonia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Oman | extant | native | yes | |||
| Palestine | extant | native | ||||
| Qatar | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Romania | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Rwanda | extant | native | ||||
| Saudi Arabia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Senegal | extant | native | ||||
| Serbia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Sierra Leone | extant | native | ||||
| Slovakia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Somalia | extant | native | ||||
| South Sudan | extant | native | yes | |||
| Spain | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Sudan | extant | native | ||||
| Syria | extant | native | yes | |||
| Tanzania | extant | native | ||||
| Togo | extant | native | ||||
| Türkiye | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uganda | extant | native | ||||
| Ukraine | extant | vagrant | ||||
| United Arab Emirates | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| Yemen | extant | native | yes | |||
| Zambia | extant | vagrant |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Cyprus | Famagusta Lakes |
| Cyprus | Larnaca Salt Lakes |
| Cyprus | Mia Milia Sewage Treatment Plant |
| Cyprus | Oroklini Lake |
| Cyprus | Paralimni Lake |
| Egypt | Lake Manzala |
| Egypt | Lake Qarun Protected Area |
| Egypt | Wadi El Natrun |
| Greece | Evros delta |
| Greece | Lake Ismarida (Mitrikou) |
| Greece | Nestos delta and coastal lagoons |
| Greece | Porto Lagos, lake Vistonida and coastal lagoons |
| Kenya | Lake Turkana |
| Türkiye | Acıgöl Lake |
| Türkiye | Bafa Lake |
| Türkiye | Burdur Lake |
| Türkiye | Ceyhan Delta |
| Türkiye | Ereğli Plain |
| Türkiye | Eşmekaya Marshes |
| Türkiye | Gediz Delta |
| Türkiye | Göksu Delta |
| Türkiye | Hotamış Marshes |
| Türkiye | Karataş Lake |
| Türkiye | Lesser Menderes Delta |
| Türkiye | Marmara Lake |
| Türkiye | Seyfe Lake |
| Türkiye | Seyhan Delta |
| Türkiye | Sultan Marsh |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Aquatic & Marine | Artificial/Aquatic - Ponds (below 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | breeding |
| Artificial/Terrestrial | Arable Land | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | breeding |
| Grassland | Temperate | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Sand Dunes | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Coastal Sand Dunes | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Mud Flats and Salt Flats | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, Etc | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Shingle and/or Pebble Shoreline and/or Beaches | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Freshwater Lakes (over 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools (under 8ha) | suitable | breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats | suitable | non-breeding |
| Wetlands (inland) | Seasonal/Intermittent Saline, Brackish or Alkaline Lakes and Flats | suitable | breeding |
| Altitude | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
| Pets/display animals, horticulture | international |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spur-winged-lapwing-vanellus-spinosus on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.