Data Zone
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Dene Moore. 2013. Survival of endangered spotted owls forces B.C. to kill cousin species. Times Colonist.
Dickerman, R. W. 1997. Geographic variation in southwestern U.S. and Mexican Spotted Owls, with the description of a new subspecies. In: Dickerman, R.W. (ed.), The era of Allan R. Phillips: a festschrift, pp. 45-48. Horizon Communications, Albuquerque, U.S.A.
Dugger, K. M.; Forsman, E. D.; Franklin, A. B.; Davis, R. J.; White, G. C.; Schwartz, C. J.; Burnham, K. P.; Nichols, J. D.; Hines, J. E.; Yackulic, C. B.; Doherty, P. F. Jnr.; Bailey, L.; Clark, D. A.; Ackers, S. H.; Andrews, L. S.; Augustine, B.; Biswell, B. L.; Blakesley, J.; Carlson, P. C.; Clement, M. J.; Diller, L. V.; Glenn, E. M.; Green, A.; Gremel, S. A.; Herter, D. R.; Higley, J. M.; Hobson, J.; Horn, R. B.; Huyvaert, K. P.; McCafferty, C.; McDonald, T.; McDonnell, K.; Olson, G. S.; Reid, J. A.; Rockweit, J.; Ruiz, V.; Saenz, J.; Sovern, S. G. 2016. The effects of habitat, climate, and Barred Owls on long-term demography of Northern Spotted Owls. Condor 118: 57-116.
Dunk, J. R; Woodbridge, B.; Schumaker, N.; Glenn, E. M.; White, B.; LaPlante, D. W.; Anthony, R. G.; Davis, R. J.; Halupka, K.; Henson, P.; Marcot, B. G. 2019. Conservation planning for species recovery under the Endangered Species Act: A case study with the Northern Spotted Owl. PLoS ONE 14(1): e.0210643.
Eyes, S. A.; Roberts, S. L.; Johnson, M. D. 2017. California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis) habitat use patterns in a burned landscape. Condor 119: 375-388.
Forsman, E. D.; Anthony, R. G.; Reid, J. A.; Loschl, P. J.; Sovern, S. G.; Taylor, M.; Biswell, B. L.; Ellingson, A.; Meslow, E. C.; Miller, G. S.; Swindle, K. A.; Thrailkill, J. A.; Wagner, F. F.; Seaman, D. E. 2002. Natal and breeding dispersal of Northern Spotted Owls. Wildlife Monographs 149: 1-35.
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Ganey, J. L.; Wan, H. Y.; Cushman, S. A.; Vojta, C. D. 2017. Conflicting perspectives on spotted owls, wildfire, and forest restoration. Fire Ecology 13: 146-165.
Ganey, J. L.; White, G. C.; Ward, J. P. Jnr.; Kyle, S. C.; Apprill, D. L.; Rawlinson, T. A.; Jonnes, R. S. 2014c. Demography of Mexican spotted owls in the Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. J. Wildlife Management 78(1): 42-49.
Glenn, E. M.; Anthony, R. G.; Forsman, E. D. 2010. Population trends in northern spotted owls: Associations with climate in the Pacific Northwest. Biol. Conserv. 143: 2543-2552.
Gutiérrez, R. J.; Cody, M.; Courtney, S.; Franklin, A. B. 2007. The invasion of barred owls and its potential effect on the spotted owl: a conservation conundrum. Biological Invasions 9: 181-196.
Gutiérrez, R. J.; Franklin, A. B.; Lahaye, W. S. 1995. Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis). In: Poole, A.; Gill, F. (ed.), The birds of North America, No. 179, pp. 1-28. The Academy of Natural Sciences, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Philadelphia, and Washington, DC.
Gutiérrez, R. J.; Manley, P.; Stine, P. 2017. The California spotted owl: current state of knowledge. U. S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Station, General Technical Report, PSW-GTR 254..
Hull, J. M.; Keane, J. J.; Tell, L.; Ernest, H. B. 2010. West Nile Virus antibody surveillance in three Sierra Nevada raptors of conservation concern. Condor 112(1): 168-172.
Ishak, H. D.; Dumbacher, J. P.; Anderson, N. L.; Keane, J. J.; Valkiunas, G.; Haig, S. M.; Tell, L. A.; Sehgal, R. N. M. 2008. Blood parasites in owls with conservation implications for the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis). PLoS ONE 3(5): e2304.
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Johnsgard, P. A. 1988. North American owls: biology and natural history. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. and London.
Jones, G. M.; Gutiérrez, R. J.; Kramer, H. A.; Temple, D. J.; Berigan, W. J.; Whitmore, S. A.; Peery, M. Z. 2019. Megafire effects on spotted owls: elucidation of a growing threat and a response to Hanson et al. (2018). Nature Conservation 37: 31-51.
Jones, G. M.; Gutiérrez, R. J.; Tempel, D. J.; Whitmore, S. A.; Berigan, W. J.; Peery, M. Z. 2016. Megafires: an emerging threat to old-forest species. Front. Ecol. Environ. 14(6): 300-306.
Jones, G. M.; Keane, J. J.; Gutiérrez, R. J.; Peery, M. Z. 2018. Declining old-forest species as a legacy of large trees lost. Diversity and Distributions 24: 341-351.
Kelly, S. G.; Forsman, E.D. 2004. Recent records of hybridization between Barred Owls (Strix varia) and Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). The Auk 121: 806-810.
Lammertink, J. M.; Rojas-Tomé, J. A.; Casillas-Orona, F. M.; Otto, R. L. 1996. Status and conservation of old-growth forests and endemic birds in the pine-oak zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Institute for Systematics and Population Biology, Amsterdam.
Lee, D. E.; Bond, M. L.; Siegel, R. B. 2012. Dynamics of breeding-season site occupancy of the California Spotted Owl in burned forests. Condor 114(4): 792-802.
Long, L. L.; Wolfe, J. D. 2019. Review of the Effects of Barred Owls on Spotted Owls. The Journal of Wildlife Management 83(6): 1281-1296.
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spotted Owl Strix occidentalis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spotted-owl-strix-occidentalis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.