• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Laniellus albonotatus (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously listed as Crocias albonotatus.

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Near Threatened	B1ab(iii)
2016	Near Threatened	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2012	Near Threatened	B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2008	Near Threatened	B1a+b(i,ii,iii,iv,v)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	19,000 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	3,252 km2
Number of locations	11-50	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	unknown	poor	-	-
Generation length	3.8 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	6	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified. Described as uncommon by Eaton et al. (2021), although Marsden et al. (2023) found them along 77 transects at 21 sites, with an encounter rate similar to other montane endemic passerines. Nijman et al. (2021) estimated that c.1,200-1,500 birds were sold in markets each year, somewhat sustainably. It is unclear what percentage of these are wild-caught; if a majority, this would suggest that the population of L. albonotatus numbers at least several thousand birds.

Trend justification: There are no robust data on the trends of this species. Habitat loss in its range has been minimal over the past two decades, although at the lower elevations of its range there is evidence of some clearance and additional degradation (Global Forest Watch 2024, using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein), the impact of which is unknown. The price of L. albnonotatus has remained relatively stable in the past 12 years suggesting that supply of birds is not decreasing (Nijman et al. 2021); however, it is unclear whether all of these birds are wild-caught, nor whether this is strictly a reliable indicator of trend. The trend is therefore considered unknown.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Gunung Ceremai
Indonesia	Gunung Gede - Pangrango
Indonesia	Gunung Halimun
Indonesia	Gunung Manglayang
Indonesia	Gunung Masigit-Kareumbi
Indonesia	Gunung Papandayan-Kamojang
Indonesia	Gunung Salak
Indonesia	Gunung Slamet
Indonesia	Gunung Tilu-Simpang
Indonesia	Telaga Warna-Cibulao

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	1400 - 2500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 900 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spotted Crocias Laniellus albonotatus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spotted-crocias-laniellus-albonotatus on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.