• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2024	Least Concern
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	2,780,000 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	63600000-81900000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2018
Population trend	stable	-	suspected	-
Generation length	4.01 years	-	-	-

Population justification: In Europe, the total population size is estimated at 47,700,000-61,400,000 mature individuals, with 23,800,000-30,700,000 breeding pairs (BirdLife International 2021), and comprises approximately 75% of the species' global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is between 63,600,000-81,900,000 mature individuals, although further validation of this estimate is desirable. The species' population in Europe is considered to have remained relatively stable over three generations (12.03 years) (BirdLife International 2021). As this region holds the vast majority of the species' global range, the global population size is considered to be stable over three generations.

Trend justification:    .

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Algeria	extant	native	yes
Denmark	extant	vagrant			yes
France	extant	native	yes
Gibraltar (to UK)	extant	native	yes
Greece	extant	vagrant			yes
Italy	extant	native	yes
Libya	extant	vagrant			yes
Malta	extant	vagrant			yes
Morocco	extant	native	yes
Portugal	extant	native	yes
Spain	extant	native	yes
Tunisia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Morocco	Canton Forestier de Sidi Bou Ghaba
Morocco	Parc National de Souss-Massa and Aglou
Morocco	Parc National de Tazekka
Morocco	Parc Naturel d'Ifrane
Morocco	Parc Naturel de Talassemtane
Morocco	Tamri and Imsouane
Portugal	Malcata mountains
Spain	El Pardo-Viñuelas
Spain	Monfragüe
Spain	Sierra Morena de Córdoba
Tunisia	Bouhedma
Tunisia	Chaâmbi
Tunisia	Chott Djerid
Tunisia	El Feidja
Tunisia	Ichkeul
Tunisia	Îles Kerkennah
Tunisia	Îles Kneiss
Tunisia	Jbel el Haouaria
Tunisia	Jbil
Tunisia	Plaines de Kairouan
Tunisia	Sebkhet Ennoual
Tunisia	Sebkhet Kelbia
Tunisia	Sebkhet Sidi Mansour
Tunisia	Sidi Toui
Tunisia	Steppe de Gafsa

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Arable Land	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Urban Areas	suitable	resident
Grassland	Temperate	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 2500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spotless Starling Sturnus unicolor. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spotless-starling-sturnus-unicolor on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.