Data Zone
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., Şekercioğlu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Greenway, J.C. 1967. Extinct and vanishing birds of the world. Dover Publications, New York.
Hume, J. 2017. Extinct Birds. Bloomsbury Publishing.
IUCN. 2023. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2023-1. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 07 December 2023).
Livezey, B. C. 1992. Flightlessness in the Galápagos Cormorant Compsohalieus [Nannopterum] harrisi: heterochrony, giantism and specialization. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 105: 155-224.
Siegel-Causey, D.; Lefevre, C.; Savinetskii, A. B. 1991. Historical diversity of cormorants and shags from Amchitka Island, Alaska. Condor 93: 840-852.
IUCN SSC Cormorant Specialist Group
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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spectacled Cormorant Urile perspicillatus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spectacled-cormorant-urile-perspicillatus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.