Spectacled Bulbul (Ixidia erythropthalmos) | Details

Spectacled Bulbul Ixidia erythropthalmos

Current view: Data table and detailed info

Taxonomy

Taxonomic note

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2016	Least Concern
2012	Least Concern
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Species attributes

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	19 g

Range

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,550,000 km²
Severely fragmented?	no	-

Population

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	estimated	-
Generation length	2.7 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as fairly common in most of its range, although rare in southern Myanmar and extinct in Singapore (del Hoyo et al. 2005).

Trend justification: The population is estimated to be in decline following the species's local extinction in Singapore owing to habitat loss (del Hoyo et al. 2005).

Country/territory distribution

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident
Brunei	extant	native	yes
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Malaysia	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Singapore	extinct	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes
Vietnam	extant	native	yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Malaysia	Bako-Buntal Bay
Malaysia	Bau Limestone
Malaysia	Belum-Temenggor
Malaysia	Bintang Range
Malaysia	Central Titiwangsa Range
Malaysia	Crocker Range
Malaysia	Danum Valley Conservation Area
Malaysia	Endau-Rompin
Malaysia	Gunung Penrissen
Malaysia	Gunung Pueh
Malaysia	Kabili-Sepilok
Malaysia	Kelabit Highlands
Malaysia	Krau Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Lambir Hills National Park
Malaysia	Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
Malaysia	Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Malaysia	Mount Kinabalu
Malaysia	Mulu - Buda Protected Area
Malaysia	Nakawan Range
Malaysia	Niah National Park
Malaysia	Panti forest
Malaysia	Selangor Heritage Park
Malaysia	South-east Pahang peat swamp forest
Malaysia	Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Taman Negara National Park
Malaysia	Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area
Malaysia	Tanjung Tuan
Malaysia	Trus Madi Range
Thailand	Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Thailand	Bu Do - Sungai Padi
Thailand	Hala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary and Bang Lang National Park
Thailand	Khao Banthad
Thailand	Khao Luang
Thailand	Khao Nor Chuchi
Thailand	Thaleban

Habitats & altitude

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	major	resident
Wetlands (inland)	Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes waterfalls)	suitable	resident
Altitude		Occasional altitudinal limits

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Spectacled Bulbul Ixidia erythropthalmos. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/spectacled-bulbul-ixidia-erythropthalmos on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.