Data Zone
Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Brooke, M. de L. 2004. Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Christidis, L. and Boles, W.E. 2008. Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.
Turbott, E.G. 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand. Ornithological Society of New Zealand, Wellington.
| Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
|---|---|---|
| - | - | - |
| Year | Category | Criteria |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Least Concern | |
| 2016 | Least Concern | |
| 2012 | Least Concern | |
| 2009 | Least Concern | |
| 2008 | Near Threatened | |
| 2007 | Near Threatened | |
| 2005 | Vulnerable | |
| 2004 | Vulnerable | |
| 2000 | Vulnerable | |
| 1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
| 1988 | Lower Risk/Least Concern |
| Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | does not normally occur in forest |
| Land-mass type |
continent shelf island |
Average mass | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 140,000,000 km2 | medium |
| Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident) | 5,900 km2 | medium |
| Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
| Severely fragmented? | no | - |
| Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population size | 95600-108000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2007 |
| Population trend | increasing | good | estimated | 1945-2009 |
| Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 1-9% | - | - | - |
| Generation length | 21.3 years | - | - | - |
Population justification: Chown et al. (unpubl. report 2008) estimates a population size of 54,000 pairs, whereas a total of c.47,800 pairs (roughly equating to 150,000 total individuals) can be estimated from Patterson et al. (2008) and unpublished data from Falklands Conservation and British Antarctic Survey. This consists of an estimated 19,500 pairs on the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), 5,500 pairs on South Georgia (Georgias del Sur), 5,400 pairs on South Shetland Islands (Shetland del Sur), 3,350 pairs on South Orkney Island (Orcadas del Sur) (British Antarctic Survey unpubl. data), 2,500 pairs on Heard and MacDonald Islands (DPIW unpubl. data), 2,145 pairs on Macquarie Island, 2,300 pairs in Argentina (Quintana et al. 2006), 230 pairs on the Tristan da Cunha Islands, 280 pairs on the Antarctic Continent. In addition, Patterson et al. (2008) estimate 1,190 pairs on the Antarctic Peninsula, 1,550 pairs on the South Sandwich Islands, 2,800 pairs on Prince Edward Islands (Ryan et al. 2009), 1,060 pairs on Iles Crozet and four pairs in Iles Kerguelen.
Trend justification: Recent trends are variable, with some populations continuing to decline (British Antarctic Survey unpubl. data, Patterson et al. undated), some stable (Gonzalez-Solis and Croxall 2005, Ryan et al. 2009, Cuthbert et al. 2014) and others showing substantial increases, including populations on Patagonia, Argentina (Quintana et al. 2006), the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (Reid and Huin 2005) and South Georgia (Poncet et al. in litt. 2008). Importantly, the latter populations represent the two largest populations in the world; thus, the overall global trend is now increasing. Combining trend data for both regions (north and south of 60°S) gives a best estimate of a 17 % increase and a worst case scenario of a 7.2 % decline over the past three generations (64 years) (Chown et al. unpubl. report 2008 ), and it is precautionarily assumed here to have undergone a slow decline during this period.
| Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antarctica | extant | native | yes | |||
| Argentina | extant | native | yes | |||
| Australia | extant | native | yes | |||
| Bouvet Island (to Norway) | extinct | native | yes | |||
| Brazil | extant | native | yes | |||
| Chile | extant | native | yes | |||
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Fiji | extant | vagrant | yes | |||
| French Polynesia | extant | vagrant | ||||
| French Southern Territories | extant | native | yes | |||
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| High Seas | extant | native | yes | |||
| Madagascar | extant | native | yes | |||
| Mozambique | extant | native | yes | |||
| Namibia | extant | native | yes | |||
| New Zealand | extant | native | yes | |||
| Norfolk Island (to Australia) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Peru | extant | native | ||||
| Réunion (to France) | extant | vagrant | ||||
| Seychelles | extant | vagrant | ||||
| South Africa | extant | native | yes | |||
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | extant | native | yes | |||
| St Helena (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
| Uruguay | extant | native | yes |
| Country/Territory | IBA Name |
|---|---|
| Antarctica | Signy Island |
| Antarctica | Southern Powell Island and adjacent islands |
| Argentina | Talud Agujero Azul |
| Australia | Macquarie Island |
| Chile | Isla Noir |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Beaver Island Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Bleaker Island Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Elephant Cays Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Jason Islands Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Lively Island Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Passage Islands Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Pebble Island Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Sea Lion Islands Group |
| Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | Speedwell Island Group |
| French Southern Territories | Île de l'Est |
| Heard Island and McDonald Islands (to Australia) | Heard and McDonald Islands |
| High Seas | South Georgia Marine Protected Area Border North |
| Peru | Reserva Nacional de Paracas |
| South Africa | Prince Edward Islands Special Nature Reserve |
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | South Georgia - mainland, islands, islets and stacks |
| South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands | South Sandwich Islands |
| St Helena (to UK) | Gough Island |
| Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grassland | Subantarctic | major | breeding |
| Marine Coastal/Supratidal | Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands | major | breeding |
| Marine Intertidal | Rocky Shoreline | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Macroalgal/Kelp | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Pelagic | major | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Seagrass (Submerged) | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Loose Rock/pebble/gravel | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Rock and Rocky Reefs | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | non-breeding |
| Marine Neritic | Subtidal Sandy-Mud | suitable | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Epipelagic (0-200m) | major | breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | non-breeding |
| Marine Oceanic | Mesopelagic (200-1000m) | major | breeding |
| Altitude | 0 - 300 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
| Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological resource use | Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources - Unintentional effects: (large scale) [harvest] | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Geological events | Volcanoes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
| Past, Likely to Return | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Past Impact | ||||||
|
|||||||||
| Purpose | Scale |
|---|---|
| Food - human | subsistence, national |
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Southern Giant Petrel Macronectes giganteus. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/southern-giant-petrel-macronectes-giganteus on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.