• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Climate Change maps
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c; D1
2016	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2012	Near Threatened	C1+2a(i)
2008	Near Threatened	B1a+b(ii,iii,v); C1; C2a(i)
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	2,130,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	670-2000 mature individuals	medium	suspected	2001
Population trend	decreasing	-	inferred	2000-2024
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	6-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	6-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	6-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	8.07 years	-	-	-

Population justification: There are no robust population estimates for this species (Brink and Whitecross in prep. 2021). However, the species has a limited range (del Hoyo et al. 1994) and usually occurs at low densities (Seddon et al. 1999). The population is therefore suspected to fall into the band of 1,000-3,000 individuals, roughly equivalent to 670-2,000 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population is inferred to be in decline owing to ongoing habitat destruction (Global Forest Watch 2021; Brink and Whitecross in prep. 2021). 

Modelling by Brink and Whitecross (in prep. 2021) estimated that habitat loss since 2000 ranged from 5.3% in areas with a probability of occurrence of >10%, to 19.3% loss in areas with a probability of occurrence of >80%. Assuming that the population declines at a similar rate to habitat loss, this is equivalent to a rate of decline of 6.4-23% over three generations (24.21 years [Bird et al. 2020]). The models used by Brink and Whitecross (in prep. 2021) did not account for land-use, and therefore may include suboptimal habitats such as plantations. The resulting calculations of percentage habitat loss are therefore likely to be underestimated, however there is currently no evidence suggesting that habitat loss or the consequent population decline is exceeding 30% over three generations. The rate of decline is therefore placed in the band 6-29% over three generations, and based on the current threats, it is suspected to continue at the same rate into the future.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Kenya	extant	native	yes
Mozambique	extant	native	yes
Somalia	extant	native	yes
South Africa	extant	native	yes
Tanzania	extant	native	yes
Zimbabwe	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Kenya	Arabuko-Sokoke Forest
Kenya	Boni and Dodori National Reserves
Kenya	Dakatcha Woodland
Kenya	Diani Forest
Kenya	Gede Ruins National Monument
Kenya	Lower Tana River Forests
Kenya	Shimba Hills
Kenya	Taita Hills Forests
Kenya	Tana River Delta
Mozambique	Chimanimani Mountains (Mozambique)
Mozambique	Maputo Special Reserve
Mozambique	Mount Mabu
Mozambique	Primeiras and Segundas Environmental Protection Area (APAIPS)
Mozambique	Zambezi River Delta
Somalia	Far Waamo
South Africa	Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park
South Africa	iSimangaliso Wetland Park
South Africa	Ndumo Game Reserve
South Africa	Umlalazi Nature Reserve
Tanzania	Bagamoyo District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	East Usambara Mountains
Tanzania	Handeni District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Kilombero Valley
Tanzania	Kilwa District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Kisarawe District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Lindi District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Mtwara District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Muheza District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Newala District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Nguu Mountains
Tanzania	Pande Game Reserve and Dondwe Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Pangani District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Rufiji District Coastal Forests
Tanzania	Selous Game Reserve
Tanzania	Udzungwa Mountains
Tanzania	Udzungwa National Park
Tanzania	Uluguru Mountains
Tanzania	West Usambara Mountains
Zimbabwe	Chimanimani Mountains (Zimbabwe)
Zimbabwe	Haroni - Rusitu junction and Botanical Reserves
Zimbabwe	Save - Runde junction

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Whole (>90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Southern Banded Snake-eagle Circaetus fasciolatus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/southern-banded-snake-eagle-circaetus-fasciolatus on 26/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 26/12/2024.