• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Zosterops poliogastrus, Z. kaffensis, Z. kulalensis, Z. kikuyuensis, Z. silvanus, Z. eurycricotus, Z. mbuluensis and Z. winifredae (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) were previously lumped as Z. poliogastrus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993) and Sibley & Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	B1ab(ii,iii); C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2006	Not Recognised
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	7,500 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	6,280 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	1992
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.55 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: This species has previously been considered common, being found in Chome Forest Reserve and Mwala Forest, as well as potentially Chambogo Catchment Forest Reserve and Kwizu Forest, and was thought to number several thousand individuals in 1992 (Collar and Stuart 1985). Given the species' restricted range, it is suspected that the population size does not exceed 10,000 mature individuals, and therefore it is placed in the range of 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This is equivalent to 3,750-15,000 individuals.

Trend justification: Within its restricted range forests are under threat from clearance particularly for agriculture, grazing, and extraction of wood for fuel (BirdLife International 2000). Tree cover loss within the range is currently estimated at 9% across ten years (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). The population is therefore suspected to be in decline.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Tanzania	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Tanzania	South Pare Mountains

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	1380 - 3400 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: South Pare White-eye Zosterops winifredae. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/south-pare-white-eye-zosterops-winifredae on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.