• Summary
• Text account
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• Reference and further resources

Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34: 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.

Blaker, D. 1967. An outbreak of Botulinus poisoning among waterbirds. Ostrich 38(2): 144-147.

Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. and Newman, K. 1982. The Birds of Africa, Volume I. Academic Press, London.

del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. and Sargatal, J. (eds). 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.

Delany, S. and Scott, D. 2006. Waterbird population estimates. Wetlands International, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Donald, P.F., Fernando, E., Brown, L., Busana, M., Butchart, S.H.M., Chng, S., Colina, A.d.l., Ferreira, J.M., Jain, A., Jones, V.R., Lapido, R., Malsch, K., McDougall, A., Muccio, C., Nguyen, D., Outhwaite, W., Petrovan, S.O., Stafford, C., Sutherland, W.J., Tallowin, O. & Safford, R. 2024 (in press). Assessing the global prevalence of wild birds in trade.

Geldenhuys, J. N. 1977. Feeding habits of South African Shelduck. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 7(1): 5-10.

Geldenhuys, J. N. 1981. Moults and moult localities of the South African Shelduck. Ostrich 52(3): 129-134.

Hockey, P.A.R., Dean, W.R.J. and Ryan, P.G. 2005. Roberts Birds of Southern Africa. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa.

IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 22 October 2024).

Johnsgard, P.A. 1978. Ducks, geese and swans of the World. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London.

Kear, J. 2005. Ducks, geese and swans volume 1: general chapters; species accounts (Anhima to Salvadorina). Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.

Little, R.M., Vester, K.C. and Crowe, T.M. 1995. Temporal and spatial paterns of breeding activity of 12 duck species (Anatidae) in the cape provinces, South-Africa, and their implications for hunting seasons. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 25(1): 17-22.

Madge, S. and Burn, H. 1988. Wildfowl. Christopher Helm, London.

Owen, M.; Callaghan, D.; Kirby, J. 2006. Guidelines on Avoidance of Introductions of Non-native Waterbird Species. Bonn, Germany.

Scott, D.A. and Rose, P.M. 1996. Atlas of Anatidae populations in Africa and western Eurasia. Wetlands International, Wageningen, Netherlands.

van Heerden, J. 1974. Botulism in the Orange Free State goldfields. Ostrich 45(3): 182-184.

van Jaarsveld, A. S.; Chown, S.L.; Erasmus, B. F. N.; Kshatriya, M.; Wessels, K. J. 2005. Vulnerability and adaptation assessment of South African animal taxa to climate change. Univeristy of Pretoria.

Wetlands International. 2023. Waterbird Populations Portal. Available at: wpp.wetlands.org. Retrieved on 09.11.2023..

IUCN SSC Duck Specialist Group

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: South African Shelduck Tadorna cana. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/south-african-shelduck-tadorna-cana on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.