• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Porter, R. F.; Kirwan, G. M. 2010. Studies of Socotran birds VI. The taxonomic status of the Socotra Buzzard. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 130(2): 116-131.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	D1

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Vulnerable	D1
2016	Vulnerable	D1
2013	Vulnerable	D1
2012	Vulnerable	D1
2011	Vulnerable	D1
2010	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	does not normally occur in forest
Land-mass type	unknown island type	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	4,300 km2	good
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	4,100 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	250-500 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2008
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2035
Generation length	6.5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: Surveys carried out between 1999 and 2008 suggest that the population numbers fewer than 250 pairs (Porter and Suleiman 2014), thus there are probably fewer than 500 mature individuals. It is placed in the band 380-750 individuals in total, with a mature population likely numbering between 250-500.

Trend justification: The species faces a number of threats including capture for the falconry trade (Porter and Kirwan 2010), which is resurging following the limited implementation of wildlife laws due to the civil war and related conflict (A. Saeed Suleiman and K. Van Damme in litt. 2020), road construction, wood collection, overgrazing, and impacts from climate change on habitat (A. Saeed Suleiman and K. Van Damme in litt. 2016). As such, the population is suspected of declining, although the exact rate has not been determined. 

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Yemen	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Yemen	Diksam (Socotra)
Yemen	Falang - Momi coast and cliffs (Socotra)
Yemen	Firmihin near Jabal Keseslah (Socotra)
Yemen	Haggeher (Socotra)
Yemen	Hamaderoh plateau and scarp (Socotra)
Yemen	Jabal Ma'alah / Ma'alah Plateau (Socotra)
Yemen	Limestone plateau above Siko village (Socotra)
Yemen	Noged Plain (Socotra)
Yemen	North slopes of the Haggeher Mountains (Socotra)
Yemen	Wadi Ayhaft (Socotra)
Yemen	Wadi Di Negehen (Socotra)
Yemen	Wadi Merkoh (Socotra)

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Rocky areas (eg. inland cliffs, mountain peaks)		major	resident
Savanna	Dry	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	major	resident
Altitude	150 - 800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	0 - 1370 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Storms & flooding	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species disturbance, Competition, Reduced reproductive success
Pollution	Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	subsistence

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Socotra Buzzard Buteo socotraensis. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/socotra-buzzard-buteo-socotraensis on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.