• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Psittinus cyanurus and P. abbotti (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. cyanurus following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2023	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)
2016	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2014	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	2,900 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	2,000 km2
Number of locations	11-100	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	3300-31000, 10000-20000 mature individuals	poor	estimated	1998
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	1-9%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	2	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	99%	-	-	-

Population justification: Attempts to estimate the population size of this species have varied immensely. Juniper and Parr (1998) stated that the population may number fewer than 5,000 mature individuals while transects surveys in 1995 produced an estimate of 35,000-47,000 birds (Arndt and Raharjaningtrah 1998). The latter seems improbable given the species is confined to an area of just c.1,900 km² (some of which may no longer be suitable), but given the species' relative abundance (eBird 2022), the estimate made by Juniper and Parr (1998) is probably overly pessimistic. The population size is here suspected to number 5,000-47,000 individuals (c.3,300-31,000 mature individuals), with a best estimate of 15,000-30,000 (10,000-20,000 mature individuals).

Trend justification: This species' congener, P. cyanurus, occurs (albeit at an apparently low density) in heavily degraded and altered habitats (see, e.g., Peh et al. 2006) and eBird (2022) data suggest that this species is likely to be similar. However, it also likely requires native forest for breeding and is only a visitor to plantations; consequently, ongoing forest loss and degradation on Simeulue is likely to be causing ongoing reductions in population size. In the ten years to 2022, Simeulue lost c. 5% of its tree cover (per Global Forest Watch 2022, based on data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) and this is suspected to have caused a similar reduction in its population size. The species may also be impacted by localised trapping, although continued observations close to towns (eBird 2022) suggest this is not a substantial threat. These suspicions are congruent with those of Symes et al. (2018) who, based on expert opinion, did not consider hunting to have caused any decline between 2000 and 2015. Overall the population is suspected to have declined by 1-9% over the past ten years and, in the absence of any amelioration of threats, this is also suspected to occur in the future.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Rural Gardens	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 570 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		No decline		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Simeulue Parrot Psittinus abbotti. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/simeulue-parrot-psittinus-abbotti on 28/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 28/11/2024.