• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
A. lilliae (Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International 2020) was previously recognised as Lepidopyga lilliae (del Hoyo et al. 2014), however Ornelas et al. (2014) found one Lepidopyga species, L. coeruleogularis, to be an Amazilia. On the basis of this finding all three Lepidopyga were moved to Amazilia.

Taxonomic source(s)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International. 2020. Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 5. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	C2a(ii)	A2c+3c+4c; B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v); C2a(i,ii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Endangered	C2a(ii)
2016	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2015	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2014	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2013	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2012	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2009	Critically Endangered	C2a(i)
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1996	Critically Endangered
1994	Critically Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	5,700 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	2,360 km2
Number of locations	2-5	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	285-440 mature individuals	poor	estimated	2020
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2015-2025
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	30-49%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.3 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size is low and the species is described as either rare or sporadic at the few known localities (Luther 2020). Surveys in Isla de Salamanca National Park between 2006 and 2007 found a population density of 6 individuals/ km² (González Brun 2007). Assuming that the species occurs at a similar density throughout the range and that only 10% of the range is occupied to account for the species's rarity and localised distribution, the population may have numbered around 1,050 individuals in 2007, equating to 700 mature individuals. Assuming further that the population is declining at a rate of 30-49% over ten years (Renjifo et al. 2016), the current population may number 285-440 mature individuals.
In view of the species's dispersal abilities and the distribution of records, all individuals are thought to belong to the same subpopulation.

Trend justification: The species is thought to be declining rapidly owing primarily to habitat loss. Between 2001 and 2011, 39.1% of mangrove and flooded forest have been lost, and it is assumed that this is continuing at the same rate into the future (Renjifo et al. 2016). Under the assumption that population declines are roughly equivalent to rates of habitat loss, the species is inferred to be declining at 30-49% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Ciénaga Grande, Isla de Salamanca and Sabana Grande RAMSAR biosphere reserve
Colombia	Valle de San Salvador

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Mangrove Vegetation Above High Tide Level	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 100 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Scale Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Dams & water management/use - Small dams	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Pollution	Domestic & urban waste water - Sewage	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Pollution	Industrial & military effluents - Type Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Utility & service lines	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Unlikely to Return		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird Chrysuronia lilliae. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sapphire-bellied-hummingbird-chrysuronia-lilliae on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.