• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2021	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd; B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)
2018	Near Threatened	A2cd+3cd+4cd; B1ab(iii,v)
2016	Near Threatened	A2d+3d
2012	Near Threatened	A2d+3d+4d
2011	Near Threatened	A2d+3d+4d
2009	Least Concern
2008	Least Concern
2004	Least Concern
2000	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	7,200 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	1,328 km2
Number of locations	11-30	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2010-2022
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	3.9 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size has not been quantified, but the species is reported to be very common on Príncipe (del Hoyo et al. 1997; Fundacao Príncipe 2019), and an estimated 47,846 - 205,079 (best estimate 114,419) individuals are found on São Tomé (Carvalho 2015).

Trend justification: The species is suspected to be undergoing a moderately rapid decline owing to hunting pressure (Carvalho 2015).

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Equatorial Guinea	extant	native	yes
São Tomé e Príncipe	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Equatorial Guinea	Annobón
São Tomé e Príncipe	Parque Natural Obô de São Tomé e Zona Tampão
São Tomé e Príncipe	Príncipe forests
São Tomé e Príncipe	São Tomé lowland forests
São Tomé e Príncipe	São Tomé montane and cloud-forests
São Tomé e Príncipe	São Tomé northern savannas

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Plantations	suitable	resident
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Altitude	0 - 1668 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 7
		Stresses Species mortality

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sao Tome Bronze-naped Pigeon Columba malherbii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sao-tome-bronze-naped-pigeon-columba-malherbii on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.