• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note
Pyrrhura picta, P. snethlageae, P. parvifrons, P. amazonum, P. lucianii, P. roseifrons, P. peruviana, P. subandina, P. caeruleiceps and P. eisenmanni (del Hoyo and Collar 2014) were previously lumped as P. picta following Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	A3c+4c
2016	Endangered	A4cd
2014	Endangered	A4cd
2012	Not Recognised
2008	Not Recognised
2004	Not Recognised
2000	Not Recognised
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type		Average mass	62 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	728,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	-	suspected	2016-2026
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-19%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	2.82 years	-	-	-

Population justification: The global population size is unknown given recent taxonomic splits.

Trend justification: The species is undergoing a decline as a consequence of the loss and degradation of its forest habitat. Over the past ten years, 11% of tree cover was lost within the range (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Even though the species shows some tolerance of forest fragmentation (P. Salaman in litt. 2020), it can be assumed that population declines were aggravated by habitat degradation. It is here tentatively suspected that forest degradation proceeded at half the rate of tree cover loss, so that the total habitat loss amounted to 16-17% over the last ten years. Assuming that population declines are roughly equivalent to habitat loss, the population may have declined by 10-19% over the last ten years. Since 2016, tree cover loss has been accelerating to a rate equivalent to 15% over ten years (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). Under the same assumption that forest degradation is likewise accelerating to 50% of the rate of tree cover loss, i.e. to 7-8% over three generations, the overall rate of habitat loss may currently be 22-23% over ten years. Consequently, the population may currently be declining at 20-29% over ten years.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brazil	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	marginal	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Swamp	major	resident
Altitude	100 - 2000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Rapid Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion

Purpose	Scale
Pets/display animals, horticulture	international

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Santarem Parakeet Pyrrhura amazonum. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/santarem-parakeet-pyrrhura-amazonum on 22/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/12/2024.