• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D	B1ab(ii,iii,v); C2a(i,ii); D1+2

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2018	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(i,ii);D
2016	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(i,ii);D
2015	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(i,ii);D
2012	Critically Endangered	B1ab(ii,iii,v);C2a(i,ii);D
2009	Critically Endangered	B1a+b(ii,iii,v); C2a(ii); D1
2008	Critically Endangered
2004	Critically Endangered
2000	Critically Endangered
1994	Not Recognised
1988	Not Recognised

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type		Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	18 km2	medium
Number of locations	1	-
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	1-49 mature individuals	medium	estimated	2000
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	-
Generation length	3.5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is estimated to number fewer than 50 individuals and mature individuals. This estimate was derived from analyses of recent records and area of remaining habitat (BirdLife International 2001).

Trend justification: Forest loss and degradation continues within the montane forest around the Sahendaruman crater, including small gaps that have been opened up for trapping bats (R. Martin in litt. 2016), and as a result this species is suspected to be in a decline, although the likely rate of decline cannot be estimated due to the alarming paucity of recent records.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Indonesia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Indonesia	Gunung Sahendaruman

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	major	resident
Altitude	750 - 1000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Shifting agriculture	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Climate change & severe weather	Habitat shifting & alteration	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Whole (>90%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Indirect ecosystem effects, Ecosystem degradation

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Sangihe White-eye Zosterops nehrkorni. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/sangihe-white-eye-zosterops-nehrkorni on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.