• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Climate Change maps
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic note

Crithagra xantholaema (del Hoyo and Collar 2016) was previously placed in the genus Serinus and listed as S. xantholaemus following Dowsett & Forbes-Watson (1993).

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	B1ab(iii,v); C2a(ii)
2012	Vulnerable	B1ab(iii,v);C2a(ii)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1996	Vulnerable
1994	Vulnerable
1988	Near Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	12 g

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	154,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2000
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	-
Generation length	2.31 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population is suspected to fall in the range band for 2,500-9,999 mature individuals (J. Vivero in litt. 2003). This equates to 3,750-14,999 individuals in total, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals. Although uncommon at presently known sites, it may prove to be fairly widespread and not uncommon in a huge area that is very poorly known in ornithological terms (J. S. Ash in litt. 1999, J. Vivero in litt. 2003).

Trend justification: The species' population is suspected to be in slow decline owing to habitat destruction and degradation, despite its apparent tolerance of disturbance by humans and cattle (J. Vivero in litt. 2003). Deforestation rates within the range have been negligible over the past ten years, amounting to around 1% (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein), but the extent this may be affecting the species is unclear and therefore the rate of population decline has not been quantified.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Ethiopia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Ethiopia	Anferara forests
Ethiopia	Arero forest
Ethiopia	Eastern Hararghe (Harar-Wabi Shebelle)
Ethiopia	Mankubsa - Welenso forest
Ethiopia	Shek Husein
Ethiopia	Sof Omar

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical High Altitude	major	resident
Altitude	1000 - 1500 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	300 - 1970 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Residential & commercial development	Tourism & recreation areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Salvadori's Seedeater Crithagra xantholaema. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/salvadoris-seedeater-crithagra-xantholaema on 23/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/12/2024.