Data Zone
AOU. 1998. Check-list of North American birds. American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
Bird, J.P., Martin, R., Akçakaya, H.R., Gilroy, J., Burfield, I.J., Garnett, S.G., Symes, A., Taylor, J., ?ekercio?lu, Ç.H. and Butchart, S.H.M. 2020. Generation lengths of the world’s birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology 34(5): 1252-1261. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13486.
Birds Caribbean. 2021. The Caribbean has Two New Bird Species. Sadly, They May Both be Extinct. Available at: https://www.birdscaribbean.org/2021/07/the-caribbean-has-two-new-bird-species-sadly-they-may-both-be-extinct/.
Bond, J. 1936. Birds of the West Indies. Academy of the Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.
Bond, J. 1956. Check-list of birds of the West Indies. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
eBird. 2022. eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. Ithaca, New York. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Available at: http://www.ebird.org.
Garrido, O.H. and Wiley, J.W. 2003. The taxonomic status of the Puerto Rican Bullfinch (Loxigilla portoricensis) (Emberizidae) in Puerto Rico and St. Kitts. Ornitologia Neotropical 14: 91-98.
Gerbracht, J. 2021. St. Kitts Bullfinch (Melopyrrha grandis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. Gerbracht, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
IUCN. 2022. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2022-2. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 08 December 2022).
Olson, S. L. 1984. The last St. Kitts Bullfinch Loxigilla portoricensis grandis (Emberizinae) and the extinction of its race. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club 104: 121-123.
Raffaele, H. A. 1977. Comments on the extinction of Loxigilla portoricensis grandis in St. Kiits, Lesser Antilles. Condor 79: 389.
Ryan, M. 2021. ST.KITTS BULLFINCH GRANTED FULL SPECIE STATUS—Although extinct for almost 100 years!!! Available at: https://birdsofstkittsnevis.com/2021/06/27/st-kitts-bullfinch-granted-full-specie-status-although-extinct-for-almost-100-years/. .
Schwartz, A.; Klinikowski, R. F. 1963. Observations of West Indian birds. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 115: 53-77.
Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Sibley, C.G. and Monroe, B.L. 1993. A supplement to 'Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World'. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.
Steadman, D. W., Norton, R. L., Browning, M. R., and Arendt, W. J. 1997. The Birds of St. Kitts, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 33(1-2): 1-20.
Stotz, D.F., Fitzpatrick, J.W., Parker, T.A. and Moskovits, D.K. 1996. Neotropical Birds: Ecology and Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Wunderle, J. J.; Lodge, D. J.; Waide, R. B. 1992. Short-term effects of Hurricane Gilbert on terrestrial bird populations on Jamaica. The Auk 109: 148-166.
Link to species profile on Search for Lost Birds website
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2025) Species factsheet: Saint Kitts Bullfinch Melopyrrha grandis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/saint-kitts-bullfinch-melopyrrha-grandis on 03/01/2025.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2025) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 03/01/2025.