LC
Rusty-winged Starling Aplonis zelandica



Taxonomy

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

IUCN Red List criteria met and history
Red List criteria met
Critically Endangered Endangered Vulnerable
- - -

Red List history
Year Category Criteria
2023 Least Concern
2016 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2012 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2009 Near Threatened C2a(i)
2008 Near Threatened
2004 Near Threatened
2000 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994 Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988 Lower Risk/Least Concern
Species attributes

Migratory status not a migrant Forest dependency high
Land-mass type Average mass -
Range

Estimate Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) 90,700 km2 medium
Severely fragmented? no -
Population
Estimate Data quality Derivation Year of estimate
Population size 2500-9999 mature individuals - estimated 2023
Population trend decreasing poor suspected -
Generation length 3.93 years - - -
Number of subpopulations 3-100 - - -
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation 1-89% - - -

Population justification: The population is poorly known, but the species is described as uncommon to rare and occurs at very low population densities (Hadley and Parker 1965, G. Dutson pers. obs. 1998, Dutson 2011, G. Dutson in litt. 2023). Assuming an effective detection distance of 10 m in closed forest, densities of around 5 individuals/km2 in the mountains of Santo (likely covering less than 1,000 km2), 30 individuals/km2 on Nendo (500 km2), and <1 individual/km2 on Vanikoro (170 km2) have been suggested (G. Dutson in litt. 2023). Assuming that only a proportion of the range is occupied to account for this species' rarity, the total population is estimated to fall within the range 2,500-10,000 mature individuals (with more than 1,000 mature individuals in the largest subpopulation).

Trend justification: The species occurs at very low population densities, though there is no direct evidence of a decline. Remote sensing data (Global Forest Watch 2022, using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein) indicate slow but ongoing tree cover loss in this species range (<2% within three generations). Although there are records of the species from degraded forest and gardens, overall its tolerance of forest loss and degradation is little known; it therefore remains a possibility that ongoing forest loss and associated impacts of degradation are affecting the population (G. Dutson in litt. 2023). Considering this along with the potential impacts of invasive rats within the range that have caused rapid declines in congeners, a decline is precautionarily suspected.


Country/territory distribution
Country/Territory Presence Origin Resident Breeding visitor Non-breeding visitor Passage migrant
Solomon Islands extant native yes
Vanuatu extant native yes

Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA)
Country/Territory IBA Name
Solomon Islands Vanikoro
Vanuatu Ambae
Vanuatu Santo Mountain Chain

Habitats & altitude
Habitat (level 1) Habitat (level 2) Importance Occurrence
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland major resident
Forest Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane major resident
Altitude 0 - 1200 m Occasional altitudinal limits  

Threats & impact
Threat (level 1) Threat (level 2) Impact and Stresses
Biological resource use Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest] Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Minority (<50%) Slow, Significant Declines Low Impact: 5
Stresses
Ecosystem degradation
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named species Timing Scope Severity Impact
Ongoing Unknown Unknown Unknown
Stresses
Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rusty-winged Starling Aplonis zelandica. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rusty-winged-starling-aplonis-zelandica on 24/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 24/12/2024.