• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A., Fishpool, L.D.C., Boesman, P. and Kirwan, G.M. 2016. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 2: Passerines. Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
SACC. 2005 and updates. A classification of the bird species of South America. Available at: https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	B1b(iii)
2016	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii)
2012	Vulnerable	A2c+3c+4c;B1ab(i,ii,iii)
2008	Vulnerable	A2c; A3c; A4c; B1a+b(i,ii,iii)
2005	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	5,280 km2	medium
Area of Occupancy (breeding/resident)	3,148 km2
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2021
Population trend	stable	poor	suspected	-
Generation length	3.11 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size has not been quantified, but the species is described as common (Renjifo et al. 2016). Based on the small distribution range, the population is tentatively suspected to number below 10,000 mature individuals; it is therefore here placed in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals. This value however requires confirmation, and an accurate estimate of the population size is urgently needed.

Trend justification: The population trend has not been assessed directly. While deforestation has likely been severe in the past (e.g. Renjifo et al. 2016), tree cover loss within the range is currently proceeding at a rate of 2% over ten years (Global Forest Watch 2021, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). As apart from forests the species also inhabits edges and secondary habitat (Remsen 2020), the current low rate of tree cover loss is unlikely to drive a population decline. In the absence of evidence of any declines or substantial threats, the population is therefore suspected to be stable.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Colombia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Colombia	Cuchilla de San Lorenzo
Colombia	Eco-parque Los Besotes
Colombia	Valle de San Salvador
Colombia	Valle del Río Frío

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Artificial/Terrestrial	Subtropical/Tropical Heavily Degraded Former Forest	suitable	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Moist	marginal	resident
Altitude	2000 - 3000 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(min) 900 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rusty-headed Spinetail Synallaxis fuscorufa. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rusty-headed-spinetail-synallaxis-fuscorufa on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.