• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	C2a(ii)

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	A2ce; C2a(ii)
2016	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2012	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2008	Vulnerable	C2a(ii)
2006	Vulnerable
2004	Vulnerable
2000	Vulnerable
1996	Endangered
1994	Endangered
1988	Threatened

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	medium
Land-mass type	continent	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	26,800 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	2500-9999 mature individuals	poor	suspected	2007
Population trend	decreasing	poor	inferred	2016-2031
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-20%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	10-20%	-	-	-
Generation length	5 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	1	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	100%	-	-	-

Population justification: In 1995, the population was suspected to be over 10,000 mature individuals, based on transect surveys (Borghesio and Massa 2000). However, rapid changes to its habitat between 1995 and 2007 are likely to have caused a decline in the population of around 10-30% (L. Borghesio in litt. 2007). This decline would produce a population size of 7,000-9,000 total individuals, which would roughly equate to 4,200-5,400 mature individuals. The population size is therefore suspected to be in the band 2,500-9,999 mature individuals.

Trend justification: The population was suspected to have declined by c.10-30% between 1995 and 2007, owing to rapid changes to the species' habitat (L. Borghesio in litt. 2007). However, tree cover loss within the range is now low, at around 5% over three generations (Global Forest Watch 2020, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein), and recent surveys suggest it is more common and widespread than previously believed, and is able to tolerate human disturbance (Turner and Boesman 2020). Therefore, it is suspected that past declines were <30%. Between 2016 and 2019, this species' range experienced a forest loss of 1.4% (Global Forest Watch 2020, using Hansen et al. [2013] data and methods disclosed therein). This equates to a loss of 6.8% when projected forward over 3 generations. Due to the additional threat of hybridisation with T. leucotis, and potential degradation by the conversion of native tree cover to exotic plantations (L. Borghesio in litt. 2005) the future rate of decline is therefore suspected to fall in the 10-20% band.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Ethiopia	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Ethiopia	Anferara forests
Ethiopia	Arero forest
Ethiopia	Dawa - Wachile
Ethiopia	Genale river
Ethiopia	Mankubsa - Welenso forest

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	major	resident
Savanna	Dry	marginal	resident
Shrubland	Subtropical/Tropical Dry	suitable	resident
Altitude	1275 - 1800 m	Occasional altitudinal limits

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Small-holder farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Negligible declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Reduced reproductive success, Species mortality
Biological resource use	Logging & wood harvesting - Unintentional effects: (subsistence/small scale) [harvest]	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Energy production & mining	Mining & quarrying	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases	Problematic native species/diseases - Tauraco leucotis	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Hybridisation
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Trend Unknown/Unrecorded	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation
Residential & commercial development	Housing & urban areas	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Future		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 4
		Stresses Ecosystem conversion
Transportation & service corridors	Roads & railroads	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Majority (50-90%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Medium Impact: 6
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

Purpose	Scale
Food - human	subsistence, national

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Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Ruspoli's Turaco Tauraco ruspolii. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/ruspolis-turaco-tauraco-ruspolii on 23/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 23/11/2024.