• Summary
• Text account
• Data table and detailed info
• Distribution map
• Reference and further resources

Taxonomic source(s)
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.

Red List criteria met

Critically Endangered	Endangered	Vulnerable
-	-	-

Red List history

Year	Category	Criteria
2022	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2016	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2012	Near Threatened	A2c+3c+4c
2008	Near Threatened	A2c; A3c; A4c
2004	Near Threatened
2000	Lower Risk/Near Threatened
1994	Lower Risk/Least Concern
1988	Lower Risk/Least Concern

Migratory status	not a migrant	Forest dependency	high
Land-mass type	continent shelf island	Average mass	-

	Estimate	Data quality
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident)	3,800,000 km2	medium
Severely fragmented?	no	-

	Estimate	Data quality	Derivation	Year of estimate
Population size	unknown	-	-	-
Population trend	decreasing	poor	suspected	2013-2027
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods)	20-29%	-	-	-
Generation length	4.6 years	-	-	-
Number of subpopulations	4-100	-	-	-
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation	1-89%	-	-	-

Population justification: The population size of this species has not been quantified. However, it is typically described as common or uncommon (Wells 1999, Mann 2008, Eaton et al. 2016) and in Sarawak, Borneo, a density of 30 birds/km² was recorded (Fogden 1976). Consequently, although the population size has not been estimated, it is not considered likely to meet or approach the threshold for assessment as Threatened (<10,000 mature individuals).

Trend justification: The population is suspected to be declining because of forest loss throughout its range. Over the past three generations (13.8 years; Bird et al. 2020), forest loss in this species' range has been equivalent to 24–26% (Global Forest Watch 2022, using data from Hansen et al. [2013] and methods disclosed therein). Because this rate was similar between 2016 and 2020, with little indication this will slow in the future, the same rate is projected over the next three generations. As a forest-dependent species, the population is suspected to be declining at a rate broadly similar to the that of forest loss.

Country/Territory	Presence	Origin	Resident	Breeding visitor	Non-breeding visitor	Passage migrant
Brunei	extant	native	yes
Indonesia	extant	native	yes
Malaysia	extant	native	yes
Myanmar	extant	native	yes
Singapore	extinct	native	yes
Thailand	extant	native	yes

Country/Territory	IBA Name
Malaysia	Belum-Temenggor
Malaysia	Bintang Range
Malaysia	Central Titiwangsa Range
Malaysia	Crocker Range
Malaysia	Danum Valley Conservation Area
Malaysia	Endau-Rompin
Malaysia	Gunung Pueh
Malaysia	Hose-Laga mountains
Malaysia	Kabili-Sepilok
Malaysia	Kelabit Highlands
Malaysia	Kinabatangan floodplain
Malaysia	Krau Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Lambir Hills National Park
Malaysia	Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
Malaysia	Maliau Basin Conservation Area
Malaysia	Mount Kinabalu
Malaysia	Mulu - Buda Protected Area
Malaysia	Nakawan Range
Malaysia	Niah National Park
Malaysia	Panti forest
Malaysia	Selangor Heritage Park
Malaysia	Tabin Wildlife Reserve
Malaysia	Taman Negara National Park
Malaysia	Tanjung Datu-Samunsam Protected Area
Malaysia	Trus Madi Range
Malaysia	Ulu Muda
Thailand	Bala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary
Thailand	Bu Do - Sungai Padi
Thailand	Hala Sector, Hala-Bala Wildlife Sanctuary and Bang Lang National Park
Thailand	Kaeng Krachan
Thailand	Khao Luang
Thailand	Khao Nor Chuchi
Thailand	Thaleban

Habitat (level 1)	Habitat (level 2)	Importance	Occurrence
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland	major	resident
Forest	Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane	suitable	resident
Altitude	0 - 1200 m	Occasional altitudinal limits	(max) 1700 m

Threat (level 1)	Threat (level 2)	Impact and Stresses
Agriculture & aquaculture	Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Agriculture & aquaculture	Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantations	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Ongoing		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Low Impact: 5
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation, Ecosystem conversion
Biological resource use	Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Unknown		Minority (<50%)		Unknown		Unknown
		Stresses Species mortality
Natural system modifications	Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity	Timing		Scope		Severity		Impact
		Past, Likely to Return		Minority (<50%)		Slow, Significant Declines		Past Impact
		Stresses Ecosystem degradation

---

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Rufous-collared Kingfisher Actenoides concretus. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/rufous-collared-kingfisher-actenoides-concretus on 22/11/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 22/11/2024.