Taxonomic source(s)
AERC TAC. 2003. AERC TAC Checklist of bird taxa occurring in Western Palearctic region, 15th Draft. Available at: http://www.aerc.eu/DOCS/Bird_taxa_of_the_WP15.xls.
Cramp, S. and Simmons, K.E.L. (eds). 1977-1994. Handbook of the birds of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The birds of the western Palearctic. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Volume 1: Non-passerines. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International, Barcelona, Spain and Cambridge, UK.
Critically Endangered | Endangered | Vulnerable |
---|---|---|
- | - | A2bce+3bce+4bce |
Year | Category | Criteria |
---|---|---|
2022 | Near Threatened | A2bce+3bce+4bce |
2018 | Least Concern | |
2016 | Least Concern | |
2012 | Least Concern | |
2009 | Least Concern | |
2008 | Least Concern | |
2004 | Least Concern | |
2000 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1994 | Lower Risk/Least Concern | |
1988 | Near Threatened |
Migratory status | full migrant | Forest dependency | low |
Land-mass type | Average mass | - |
Estimate | Data quality | |
---|---|---|
Extent of Occurrence (breeding/resident) | 1,910,000 km2 | |
Extent of Occurrence (non-breeding) | 2,910,000 km2 | |
Number of locations | 11-100 | - |
Severely fragmented? | no | - |
Estimate | Data quality | Derivation | Year of estimate | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population size | 575000-770000 mature individuals | medium | estimated | 2018 |
Population trend | decreasing | - | inferred | 2016-2030 |
Rate of change over the past 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 13-39,28% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 13-39,20-29% | - | - | - |
Rate of change over the past & future 10 years/3 generations (longer of the two periods) | 13-39,28% | - | - | - |
Generation length | 4.7 years | - | - | - |
Number of subpopulations | 2-10 | - | - | - |
Percentage of mature individuals in largest subpopulation | 1-89% | - | - | - |
Population justification: There are two recognised subspecies, C. r. ruficollis breeding in northern Morocco and the Iberian Peninsula and C. r. desertorum in northeast Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. The European breeding population is estimated at 101,000-135,000 calling males, which equates to 202,000-270,000 mature individuals (BirdLife International 2021). Europe holds c. 35% of the global range, so a very preliminary estimate of the global population size is 575,000-770,000 mature individuals, although occupancy of the North African range could be considerably lower and it is plausible that most of the global breeding population is concentrated within the Iberian Peninsula. Spain alone holds >95% of the European population (C. Camacho and P. Sáez-Gómez in litt. 2020). This population is estimated to be declining at a rate of 2.3% annually (SEO/BirdLife in litt. 2022), hence the species is inferred to be undergoing a continuing decline suspected to be proceeding at a moderately rapid rate.
Trend justification: The population in Spain is estimated to have declined by 28% (13-39%) over the past three generations, based on the mean slope of trend (-2.3%) estimated from monitoring across the country (347 plots with at least two visits) between 2006-2021 (SEO/BirdLife in litt. 2022). Suspected drivers of the decline are habitat destruction through urbanisation and agriculture, disturbance, road collisions and potentially predation and pollution (del Hoyo et al. 1999, Cleere et al. 2020, Keller et al. 2020, Camacho and Sáez-Gómez 2021). With a large part of the range of the species lacking data on trends or population size (and hence relative proportion of the population), it is tentatively suspected that this rate applies to the entire population, although it is noted that some identified threats such as urbanisation may be less severe outside of the Iberian range. However, climate change is altering fire frequency and intensity throughout the range and habitat conversion or degradation impacts may affect this species in many areas. The precise driver of the decline is not certain, and there is no evidence to suggest that the declines will cease imminently. Consequently the current rate for the past five years of monitoring data is projected for Spain over the period from 2016-2030 and for the future three generations from 2023-2037, and is suspected to be the rate of reduction over these periods for the whole population.
Country/Territory | Presence | Origin | Resident | Breeding visitor | Non-breeding visitor | Passage migrant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algeria | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Burkina Faso | extant | native | yes | |||
Côte d'Ivoire | extant | native | yes | |||
Croatia | extant | vagrant | ||||
Denmark | extant | vagrant | ||||
France | extant | vagrant | ||||
Ghana | extant | native | yes | |||
Gibraltar (to UK) | extant | native | yes | |||
Guinea-Bissau | extant | native | ||||
Italy | extant | vagrant | ||||
Libya | extant | vagrant | ||||
Mali | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Malta | extant | vagrant | ||||
Mauritania | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Morocco | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Nigeria | extant | native | yes | |||
Portugal | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Senegal | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Spain | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
Tunisia | extant | native | yes | yes | ||
United Kingdom | extant | vagrant | ||||
Western Sahara | extant | native | yes |
Country/Territory | IBA Name |
---|---|
Algeria | Belezma |
Morocco | Canton Forestier de Sidi Bou Ghaba |
Morocco | Parc National de Souss-Massa and Aglou |
Morocco | Parc Naturel de Talassemtane |
Morocco | Région Fouchal - Matarka |
Portugal | Cabrela |
Portugal | Malcata mountains |
Portugal | Upper River Tejo |
Spain | Bardenas Reales |
Spain | El Pardo-Viñuelas |
Spain | Monfragüe |
Spain | Mountain range and saltpans at Cabo de Gata |
Spain | Sierra Morena de Córdoba |
Tunisia | Bouhedma |
Tunisia | Îles Kneiss |
Tunisia | Plaines de Kairouan |
Tunisia | Sebkhet Ennoual |
Habitat (level 1) | Habitat (level 2) | Importance | Occurrence |
---|---|---|---|
Artificial/Terrestrial | Plantations | suitable | breeding |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | non-breeding |
Forest | Subtropical/Tropical Dry | suitable | breeding |
Shrubland | Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation | major | breeding |
Altitude | 0 - 1500 m | Occasional altitudinal limits |
Threat (level 1) | Threat (level 2) | Impact and Stresses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agriculture & aquaculture | Annual & perennial non-timber crops - Agro-industry farming | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
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Energy production & mining | Renewable energy | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Human intrusions & disturbance | Work & other activities | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Canis familiaris | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Timon lepidus | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Negligible declines | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases | Problematic native species/diseases - Vulpes vulpes | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Natural system modifications | Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Pollution | Agricultural & forestry effluents - Herbicides and pesticides | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Pollution | Excess energy - Light pollution | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
|
|||||||||
Pollution | Industrial & military effluents - Seepage from mining | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | No decline | Low Impact: 4 | ||||||
|
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Residential & commercial development | Commercial & industrial areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Residential & commercial development | Tourism & recreation areas | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Minority (<50%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Low Impact: 5 | ||||||
|
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Transportation & service corridors | Roads & railroads | Timing | Scope | Severity | Impact | ||||
Ongoing | Majority (50-90%) | Slow, Significant Declines | Medium Impact: 6 | ||||||
|
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2024) Species factsheet: Red-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/red-necked-nightjar-caprimulgus-ruficollis on 06/12/2024.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2024) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/search on 06/12/2024.